Beginning Microsoft SQL Server 2008 ... - S3 Tech Training

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Contents xx Correlated Subqueries 192 How Correlated Subqueries Work 192 Correlated Subqueries in the WHERE Clause 192 Correlated Subqueries in the SELECT List 195 Dealing with NULL Data — the ISNULL Function 196 Derived Tables 197 The EXISTS Operator 200 Using EXISTS in Other Ways 202 Mixing Data T ypes: CAST and CONVERT 203 The MERGE Command 206 A Brief Look at BY TARGET versus BY SOURCE 209 The Output Clause 210 Performance Considerations 212 JOINs versus Subqueries versus ? 212 Summary 214 Exercises 214 Chapter 8: Being Nor mal: Normalization and Other Basic Design Issues 215 Tables 216 Keeping Your Data “Nor mal” 216 Before the Beginning 217 The First Normal Form 260 The Second Normal Form 260 The Third Normal Form 260 Other Normal Forms 260 Relationships 260 One-to-One 260 Zero or One-to-One 260 One-to-One or Many 260 One-to-Zero, One, or Many 260 Many-to-Many 260 Diagramming 260 Tables 260 Adding and Deleting Tables 260 Editing Table Properties and Objects That Belong to the Table 260 Properties Window 260 Relationships 260 Indexes/Keys 260 Check Constraints 260 Relationships 260 Adding Relationships in the Diagramming Tool 260
Contents De-Normalization 260 Beyond Normalization 260 Keep It Simple 260 Choosing Data Types 260 Err on the Side of Storing Things 260 Drawing Up a Quick Example 260 Creating the Database 260 Adding the Diagram and Our Initial Tables 260 Adding the Relationships 260 Adding Some Constraints 260 Summary 260 Exercises 260 Chapter 9: SQL Ser ver Storage and Index Str uctures 261 SQL Ser ver Storage 261 The Database 261 The Extent 262 The Page 262 Page Splits 263 Rows 263 Sparse Columns 263 Understanding Indexes 264 B-Trees 265 Page Splits — A First Look 267 How Data Is Accessed in SQL Server 268 Use of Table Scans 268 Use of Indexes 269 Index Types and Index Navigation 269 Clustered Indexes 270 Non-Clustered Indexes on a Heap 272 Non-Clustered Indexes on a Clustered Table 273 Creating, Altering, and Dropping Indexes 276 The CREATE INDEX Statement 277 ASC/DESC 277 INCLUDE 278 WITH 278 PAD_INDEX 278 FILLFACTOR 279 IGNORE_DUP_KEY 279 DROP_EXISTING 279 STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE 280 xxi
Page 2 and 3: Programmer to Programmer Get more
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Page 11: About the Author Experiencing his f
Page 15: Acknowledgments Over the years, the
Page 18 and 19: Contents Chapter 2:T ools of the T
Page 20 and 21: Contents xviii The CREATE Statement
Page 24 and 25: Contents xxii SORT_IN_TEMPDB 280 ON
Page 26 and 27: Contents xxiv Control-of-Flow State
Page 28 and 29: Contents xxvi How the SQL Ser ver L
Page 30 and 31: Contents Chapter 16: A Brief XML Pr
Page 32 and 33: Contents Chapter 19: Pla ying Admin
Page 34 and 35: Introduction The beginning user wil
Page 36 and 37: Introduction ❏ We show file names
Page 38 and 39: Introduction xxxvi ❏ Understand t
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 1: RDBMS Basics: What Makes
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 34 Fi
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade Figur
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade Note
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade bcp i
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3 The Foundation Statements of T-SQ
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asic SELECT statement. Fire up the
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Now let’s try taking a little bit
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very few of your tables will have s
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Operator Example Usage Effect ALL,
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Chapter 3: The Foundation Statement
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WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43660, 43670
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AVG This one is for computing avera
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efore, but remove the two AS keywor
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You’ll get a result that is a bit
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What if we want to place conditions
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Let’s say, for example, that we w
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City varchar(20) NOT NULL, State ch
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for it in the INSERT statement. For
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And sure enough, we get back the on
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Chapter 4: JOINs 82 returned is in
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Chapter 4: JOINs 84 Using an INNER
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Chapter 4: JOINs 86 Uh, oh — this
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Chapter 4: JOINs How It Works Unlik
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Chapter 4: JOINs If we were to look
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Chapter 4: JOINs 92 What I’m tryi
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Chapter 4: JOINs 16 Mountain-500 Si
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Chapter 4: JOINs 96 Let’s use thi
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Chapter 4: JOINs 98 vendor. We’re
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Chapter 4: JOINs 100 Somehow, we lo
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Chapter 4: JOINs Try It Out FULL JO
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Chapter 4: JOINs Every time I teach
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Chapter 4: JOINs JOIN Sales.Special
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Chapter 4: JOINs Figure 4-1 As alwa
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Chapter 4: JOINs 110 CREATE TABLE U
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Chapter 4: JOINs There are two diff
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 6: Constraints At a more sp
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Chapter 6: Constraints We can then
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Chapter 6: Constraints A table can
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Chapter 6: Constraints FOREIGN KEY
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Chapter 6: Constraints How It Works
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Chapter 6: Constraints Cascading Ac
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Chapter 6: Constraints 166 This is
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Chapter 6: Constraints 168 FROM Ord
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Chapter 6: Constraints 170 Let’s
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Chapter 6: Constraints CHECK Constr
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Chapter 6: Constraints Defining a D
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Chapter 6: Constraints Ignoring Bad
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Chapter 6: Constraints Try running
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Chapter 6: Constraints Rules and De
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Chapter 6: Constraints Dropping Rul
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Chapter 6: Constraints 184 Restrict
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7 Adding More to Our Queries When I
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Building a Nested Subquery A nested
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While this works just fine, queries
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We’ll go back to the AdventureWor
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❑ Aliases are used in both querie
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Now let’s see this at work in our
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So let’s take this now and apply
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This join-based syntax, for example
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IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT ‘True’ FR
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The conversions can actually get a
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there are no other roll up records
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GROUP BY soh.OrderDate, sod.Product
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OUTPUT $action, inserted.Year, inse
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The long-standing, traditional view
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8 Being Normal: Normalization and O
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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9 SQL Ser ver Storage and Index Str
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Page Splits When a page becomes ful
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The point here is that what happens
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Page Splits — A First Look All of
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You may hear lots of bad things abo
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Navigating the Tree Figure 9-4 As I
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there was no link between the data.
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Root Non-Leaf Level Leaf Level Figu
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The CREATE INDEX Statement The CREA
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FILLFACTOR When SQL Server first cr
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works only if tempdb is on a separa
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Secondary XML Indexes Chapter 9: SQ
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occur, and that one or more non-lea
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isn’t room on the page, SQL Serve
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more administrator oriented and usu
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The Database Engine Tuning Advisor
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The output is far more self-describ
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We use a FILLFACTOR when we need to
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Chapter 9: SQL Server Storage and I
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Chapter 10: Views The preceding syn
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Chapter 10: Views 302 columns to a
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Chapter 10: Views Try It Out Using
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Chapter 10: Views 306 soh.SalesOrde
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Chapter 10: Views AW00000676 43659
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Chapter 10: Views NULL values will
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Chapter 10: Views Editing V iews wi
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Chapter 10: Views 314 There are fou
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Chapter 10: Views Editing Views in
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Chapter 10: Views 318 In addition,
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Chapter 10: Views 320 from the firs
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Chapter 10: Views You can get the y
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11 Writing Scripts and Batches Whet
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Next we have a DECLARE statement to
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I’m not going to pick any bones a
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Using @@IDENTITY @@IDENTITY is one
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How It Works What we’re doing in
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DECLARE @RowCount int; --Notice the
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When the editing tool encounters a
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When you think about it, this seems
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So, let’s try a quick query direc
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We now have our text file source fo
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Let’s build an example in the Adv
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DECLARE @InVar varchar(50); DECLARE
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-- This won’t work DECLARE @Numbe
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-- Now we’re run our conditional
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Out of the condition from inner con
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A Simple CASE A simple CASE takes a
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3 8 More Than One Apart 2 2 Ends Wi
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Now, I don’t know about you, but
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The WAITFOR statement does exactly
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IF @ErrorNo = 2714 -- Object exists
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Chapter 11: Writing Scripts and Bat
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Creat
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Dropp
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Suppl
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 374 [
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Confi
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Now,
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures SQL S
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 382 c
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures It wo
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 386 r
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 388 -
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Note
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 392 n
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures All t
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Sproc
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures When
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 400 @
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures I’d
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures match
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures There
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 408 f
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13 User-Defined Functions Well, her
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types!), except for BLOBs, cursors,
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We get back the same set as with th
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AS RETURN (SELECT BusinessEntityID,
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in your relational database. These
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AS BEGIN ( EmployeeID int NOT NULL,
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So, as you can see, we can actually
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Despite being schema-bound, this on
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14 Transactions and Locks This is o
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we are unable or do not want to com
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Figure 14-1 Data needed Data in cac
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Transaction 4 This transaction wasn
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Oops — problem!!! Transaction 2 h
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The only cure for this is setting y
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Exclusive Locks Exclusive locks are
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Also: ❑ The Sch-S is compatible w
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The syntax for switching between th
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As with most things in life, howeve
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purchased. Process 2 records sales;
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Chapter 14: Transactions and Locks
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Chapter 15: Triggers the world’s
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Chapter 15: Triggers WITH ENCRYPTIO
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Chapter 15: Triggers FOR|AFTER The
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Chapter 15: Triggers 458 To illustr
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Chapter 15: Triggers 460 IF EXISTS
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Chapter 15: Triggers ❑ Feeding de
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Chapter 15: Triggers Trigger Firing
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Chapter 15: Triggers Like regular t
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Chapter 15: Triggers The COLUMNS_UP
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Chapter 15: Triggers This is the sa
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Chapter 15: Triggers 472 we have th
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer So,
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer Figu
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer Elem
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer ❑
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer 482
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer Name
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer The
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer 2. W
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer SQL
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer So,
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer If,
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer Note
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer RAW
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer AUTO
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer EXPL
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer Chec
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer The
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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Chapter 18: Getting Integrated with
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19 Playing Administrator And so, he
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❑ Write the information to the ev
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Creating Jobs and Tasks Using Manag
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Let’s go ahead and move on to the
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Figure 19-8 Figure 19-9 Chapter 19:
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Figure 19-11 Figure 19-12 Chapter 1
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Backup and Reco very No database-dr
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❑ Differential: This might be ref
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❑ Simple: Under this model, the t
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The older DBCC commands are still s
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many rows inserted over time and th
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Chapter 19: Playing Administrator T
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Appendix A: System Functions In add
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Appendix A: System Functions @@TOTA
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Appendix A: System Functions CHECKS
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Appendix A: System Functions SUM Th
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Appendix A: System Functions The de
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Appendix A: System Functions @@REMS
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Appendix A: System Functions Cert_I
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Appendix A: System Functions Encryp
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Appendix A: System Functions @@FETC
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Appendix A: System Functions CURREN
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Appendix A: System Functions SYSDAT
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Appendix A: System Functions GetRoo
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Appendix A: System Functions The ex
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Appendix A: System Functions RAND T
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Appendix A: System Functions ❑ IN
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Appendix A: System Functions ❑ Is
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Appendix A: System Functions FILEGR
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Appendix A: System Functions INDEX_
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IsCheckCnst IsConstraint IsDefault
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Appendix A: System Functions OBJECT
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Appendix A: System Functions TYPEPR
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Appendix A: System Functions The qu
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Appendix A: System Functions The SU
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Appendix A: System Functions ASCII
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Appendix A: System Functions The ch
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Appendix A: System Functions UNICOD
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Appendix A: System Functions CAST a
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Appendix A: System Functions HOST_I
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Appendix A: System Functions NULLIF
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Appendix A: System Functions 646 Pr
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Appendix A: System Functions Text a
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Appendix B: Very Simple Connectivit
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ABS function A ABS function, 611 AC
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closing tags closing tags, XML docu
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cryptographic functions (continued)
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defects defects. See well formed XM
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EXPLICIT option EXPLICIT option bas
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IGNORE_DUP_KEY option (CREATE INDEX
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LOWER function LOWER function, 635
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online transaction-processing (OLTP
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query results query results alphabe
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scripts (continued) creating with M
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state state, basics of, 391 stateme
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transactions (continued) COMMIT TRA
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View Builder View Builder (Manageme
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