Bulletin - United States National Museum - si-pddr - Smithsonian ...
Bulletin - United States National Museum - si-pddr - Smithsonian ... Bulletin - United States National Museum - si-pddr - Smithsonian ...
428 BULLETIN 133, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM species, and as there is considerable variation in individual series identification is somewhat complicated. For comjjarison with my skins from Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina, I have assembled in all a series of 80 specimens from the United States National Museum, the Ameiican Museum of Natural History, the Museum of Comparative Zoologj^, and the Carnegie Museum. On first review it appears that the series may be easily separated into two groups, a northern one ranging from Paraguay northward, in which the dorsal surface is distinctly reddish brown, and a southern one, spread from northern Paraguay and Rio Grande do Sul south- ward, in which the prevailing coloration of the dorsal surface is blackish and gray with little or no brown except in the subspecies tucumanensis, which, however, is distinctly gray. Skins are sub- ject to great seasonal wear, a fact that needs attention as northern specimens in worn breeding dress appear much blacker above than normal. Immature individuals in juvenal plumage are also darker above than normal. There is no appreciable difference apparent in measurements, though a few skins from the Argentine are larger than any examined from farther north. Others, however, have the size identical with skins from elsewhere. The tail is subject to wear and is highly variable in length. In this study, as I have been intent on identifying southern skins, I hav^e not attempted to assemble all available specimens from Venezuela and Colombia, and have accepted two northern subspecies in addition to the typical race somewhat on faith. The few skins seen indicate that the forms in question are distinct. Five current subspecies may be recognized as follows 1. MYOSPIZA HUMERALIS HUMERALIS (Bosc). Tanagra humeralis Bosc, Journ. Hist. Nat., vol. 2, 1792, p. 179, pi. 34, fig. 4. (Cayenne.) Decidedly brown above, with well-defined black streaks. Specimens seen from Venezuela (Maripa, Rio Caura; Suajwre) ; British Guiana; Surinam (District of Para); Brazil (Santarem, Para; Ceara; Bahia; Chapada and Arapua, Matto Grosso) ; Bolivia (Buenavista, Prov. del Lara; Santa Cruz de la Sierra; Rio San Julian and Rio Quiser, Chiquitos) ; and Sapucay). and Paraguay (Puerto Pinasco Specimens from Bahia seem closely similar to those from British and Dutch Guiana, here assumed to be typical since no birds from Cayenne are available, so that manimhe Lichtenstein (1823) for the present at least is considered a synonym of humeralis. Three specimens from Santarem on the Amazons are very gray above, with the black streaks considerably reduced. Mrs. E. M. B. Naumburg informs me that she has seen gray birds from the Islands of Marajos. :
BIRDS OF ARGENTINA, PARAGUAY, URUGUAY, AND CHILE 429 Skins from Bolivia and Matto Grosso are often paler than typical hwneralis^ but on the whole agree very well. With more material from Brazil it is possible that maniiribe may be recognized as dis- tinct, though I consider this doubtful. 2. MYOSPIZA HUMERALIS MERmANA Todd. Myospiza hioiicruUs mcridanus Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. .30, July 27, 1917, p. 127. (Guarico, Lara, Venezuela.) Similar to humeralis but general coloration darker, pileum more heavily streaked with black, especially in front; gray edging of feathers of back less prominent, with brown more conspicuous; prevailing tone of upperparts brown, not black as in columhiana. Specimens seen from Colombia (Palmar, Boyaca, and Paramo de Macatama, 2,800 meters) and British Guiana? (Mount Roraima?). The present subspecies is intermediate between cohunhiana and humeralis. Two specimens from Mount Roraima, British Guiana, with a distinct wash of brown on sides and upper surface, are placed here tentatively but they do not fit well in any series. They are much browner than any others seen. 3. MYOSPIZA HUMERALIS COLUMBIANA (Chapman). Mj/ospiza manimbe colutnbinna Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 31, July 23, 1912, p. 162. (Call, Cauca, Colombia.) Similar to humeralis but averaging darker, much more heavily streaked with blackish above. Darker than mendana. Specimens seen from Colombia (Cali, Cauca; Yumbo, Valle.) 4. MYOSPIZA HUMERALIS DORSALIS (Ridgway). Coturniculus manimbe, var. dorsaUs Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. North American Birds, vol. 1, 1874, p. 549. (Buenos Aires.) Without distinct rufescent or brownish markings above, prevail- ing tone of upperparts gray and blackish, very distinct from the reddish northern forms. Specimens seen from Paraguay (Puerto Pinasco) ; Argentina (Riacho Pilaga, Formosa; Las Palmas, Avia Terai, and General Pinedo, Chaco; Concepcion del Uruguay, Entre Rios; Buenos Aires, Guamini, and Carhue, Buenos Aires) : Uruguay (Montevideo and Lazcano) ; and Rio Grande do Sul (Santa Maria). This form was indicated originally as from Buenos Aires and Uruguay. The type-specimen in worn breeding dress, collected by J. K. Townsend, was taken at Buenos Aires. Myospiza Tnanimhe nigrostriata Cherrie -'^ is identical with the present form as is shown by examination of the type specimen. s' Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. .35, May 20, 191G, p. 189. (Rio Negi-o, a small tributary of the Rio Pilcomayo, entering 35 or 40 miles from its mouth, Paraguayan Chaco.)
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BIRDS OF ARGENTINA, PARAGUAY, URUGUAY, AND CHILE 429<br />
Skins from Bolivia and Matto Grosso are often paler than typical<br />
hwneralis^ but on the whole agree very well. With more material<br />
from Brazil it is pos<strong>si</strong>ble that maniiribe may be recognized as dis-<br />
tinct, though I con<strong>si</strong>der this doubtful.<br />
2. MYOSPIZA HUMERALIS MERmANA Todd.<br />
Myospiza hioiicruUs mcridanus Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. .30,<br />
July 27, 1917, p. 127. (Guarico, Lara, Venezuela.)<br />
Similar to humeralis but general coloration darker, pileum more<br />
heavily streaked with black, especially in front; gray edging of<br />
feathers of back less prominent, with brown more conspicuous; prevailing<br />
tone of upperparts brown, not black as in columhiana.<br />
Specimens seen from Colombia (Palmar, Boyaca, and Paramo de<br />
Macatama, 2,800 meters) and British Guiana? (Mount Roraima?).<br />
The present subspecies is intermediate between cohunhiana and<br />
humeralis. Two specimens from Mount Roraima, British Guiana,<br />
with a distinct wash of brown on <strong>si</strong>des and upper surface, are placed<br />
here tentatively but they do not fit well in any series. They are<br />
much browner than any others seen.<br />
3. MYOSPIZA HUMERALIS COLUMBIANA (Chapman).<br />
Mj/ospiza manimbe colutnbinna Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,<br />
vol. 31, July 23, 1912, p. 162. (Call, Cauca, Colombia.)<br />
Similar to humeralis but averaging darker, much more heavily<br />
streaked with blackish above. Darker than mendana.<br />
Specimens seen from Colombia (Cali, Cauca; Yumbo, Valle.)<br />
4. MYOSPIZA HUMERALIS DORSALIS (Ridgway).<br />
Coturniculus manimbe, var. dorsaUs Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and<br />
Ridgway, Hist. North American Birds, vol. 1, 1874, p. 549. (Buenos<br />
Aires.)<br />
Without distinct rufescent or brownish markings above, prevail-<br />
ing tone of upperparts gray and blackish, very distinct from the<br />
reddish northern forms. Specimens seen from Paraguay (Puerto<br />
Pinasco) ; Argentina (Riacho Pilaga, Formosa; Las Palmas, Avia<br />
Terai, and General Pinedo, Chaco; Concepcion del Uruguay, Entre<br />
Rios; Buenos Aires, Guamini, and Carhue, Buenos Aires) : Uruguay<br />
(Montevideo and Lazcano) ; and Rio Grande do Sul (Santa Maria).<br />
This form was indicated originally as from Buenos Aires and<br />
Uruguay. The type-specimen in worn breeding dress, collected by<br />
J. K. Townsend, was taken at Buenos Aires. Myospiza Tnanimhe<br />
nigrostriata Cherrie -'^ is identical with the present form as is shown<br />
by examination of the type specimen.<br />
s' Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. .35, May 20, 191G, p. 189. (Rio Negi-o, a small<br />
tributary of the Rio Pilcomayo, entering 35 or 40 miles from its mouth, Paraguayan<br />
Chaco.)
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