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396 BULLETIN 133, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
persistent notes that were heard constantly during the breeding
season.
The Angiiete Indians called this species yum a fow ookh.
SALTATOR CAERULESCENS CAERULESCENS Vicillot
Saltator caerulescens Vieixlot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., vol. 14, 1817, p. 105.
(Paraguay.)
On July 17, 1920, an adult male was taken at Las Palmas, Chaco.
Several were seen in brush-grown areas, where they were shy and
difficult to approach. Their call was a sharp tsip. It is possible
that they were seen on other occasions, but all others taken were
Saltator s. similis.
SALTATOR AURANTIIROSTRIS AURANTIIROSTRIS Vieillot
Saltator aurantii rostris Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., vol. 14, 1817,
p. 103. (Paraguay.)
The boldly marked orange-billed saltator was found at Las Palmas,
Chaco, on July 23 and 26, and was fairly common, though so shy
that it came seldom in view. The species inhabited clumps of dense
brush in pasture lands where safe cover Avas available. At intervals
males came out on open perches on dead limbs, often near the tops
of the trees in order to sing, but at the slightest alarm pitched down
into heavy growth below. The manner of delivery of the song was
quick and explosive, in a way suggesting the method of enunciation
employed by the white-eyed vireo {Vireo griseus), so that on my
first encounter with the species I was somewhat surprised to identify
the singer as a member of the present family. The abrupt, but
musical song may be rendered as chu chu chu ivheet a su]\ with
the last syllable heavily accented. An adult pair was secured on
July 26. The female has the coloration less intense and the black
breastband restricted though still c,omplete. The male when first
killed had the bill zinc orange, marked obscurely with fuscous at
the tip, especially along the distal third of the culmen, and
in front of the nostrils; iris Eood's brown, tarsus and toes deep
neutral gray. The duller coloration of the plumage in the female
extended to the tint of her bill which was marked obscurely with
honey yellow on the lower mandible, especially toward the tip and
along the gonys, and elsewhere was dull black. The color of ej^es
and tarsi were similar to those of the male.
In Formosa, near the Riacho Pilaga, this subspecies was encountered
on August 8, 13, and 14, when specimens were taken. One was
preserved as a skeleton and the other two as skins. These last two
are somewhat paler, especially on the undersurface, than those se-
cured at Las Palmas. The Toba Indians named this bird chi pi
gih yo.