Bulletin - United States National Museum - si-pddr - Smithsonian ...
Bulletin - United States National Museum - si-pddr - Smithsonian ... Bulletin - United States National Museum - si-pddr - Smithsonian ...
16 BULLETIN 133, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM even here it did not seem to me that the typical tropics had been reached. From this point the line limiting the Tropical Zone may swing down in the west into the lowlands of Salta and Jujuy, and in the east to include part of the Territory of Misiones. As the land through the interior is comparatively level, transition between Tropi- cal and the succeeding zone is very gradual. The folloAving forms of birds taken at Puerto Pinasco were not secured farther south. Some of them, however, are recorded for eastern Salta, Jujuy, or for Misiones : Heterospisias merldionalis meridion- alis. Pyrrhura frontalis chiripepe. Trogonurus variegatus hehni. Dendrocolaptes picumnus. Lepidocolaptes angustirostris cer- thiolus. LOWER AUSTRAL Z0NE3 SyrMllaxis albilora. Troglodytes musculus niusculus. Turdus albicollis. Basileutcrus hypoleucus. Basileuterus flaveolus. Myospiza humeralis humeralis. A moderate climate, one where frost may occur regularly but snow only casually, characterizes the greater part of the level sections of eastern and northern Argentina, extending south to the valley of the Rio Negro and on the north including Uruguay and a portion of southern Paraguay. As the zone that succeeds the Tropical belt it may be called the Lower Austral Zone. Though varied in its char- acteristics, it is readily divisible into at least two sections—one arid and the other humid. The level eastern pampas lie within the humid section of this zone, which includes also the Argentine Chaco. Toward the interior there is a gradual decrease in amount of annual rainfall, with a corresponding transition to a condition of aridity characterized by broad, dry plains grown with scattered scrub of calden (Prosopis nigra), piquillin {Gondalia lineata), or perhaps broad areas covered with creosote bush {Covillea divaricafa), atri- plex {Atriplex Imnpa and A. crenatlfolia), and others. This zone 'covers the broad flats of eastern Mendoza to the base of the moun- tains, where it penetrates among the winding valleys into the foot- hills to about 1,200 meters altitude (in that latitude) and extends in the interior from Santiago del Estero and La Rioja south to the valleys of the Rio Colorado and Rio Negro in northern Patagonia. It corresponds to Peters' Zone 1 in Patagonia, which, according to him, prevails in the Territory of Rio Negro below " 1,000 to 1,500 feet," and extends up the valley of the Rio Limay to a point between Paso Limay and Senillosa. It is also the zone of central Chile. The Lower Austral Zone is characterized by the following breed- ing; birds:
BIRDS OF ARGENTINA, PAEAGUAY, URUGUAY, AND CHILE 17 Rhea americana albescens. Calopezus elegans morenoi. 'Nothura maculosa nigroguttata. Nothnra darwini mendosensis. Nothoprocta perdicaria perdicaria. Rhynchotiis rufescens pallescens. Spiziapteri/x circumcinctus. Larus eirrocephalus. Sterna trudeaui. Lcptotila ochroptera chlorauchenia. Picazuros picazuros reichenbachi. Notioenas maculosa fallax. Amoropsitta ay mora. Myiopsitta monachus monachus. Dyctiopicus mixtus malleator. Chrysoptilus melanolaimus perplexus. Lepidocolaptes angusUrostris angusti- rostris. Lepidocolaptes angustirostris pracda- tus. UPPER AUSTRAL ZONE Drymornis b7-idgesii. Fnrnarius rufns rufus. Leptasthenura fuliginiceps paraensis. Siptornis patagonica. Stigmatura budytoides fiavocinerea. Rhinocrypta lanceolata. Teledromas fuscus. Spizitornis parulus curatus. Spizitornis parulus patagonicus. Troglodytes musculus bonariae. Mimus triurus. Mimus patagonicus tricosus. Trupialis defilippM. Phrygilus carbonarius. Diuca minor. Brachyspiza capensis argentina. Brachyspiza capensis choraules. Embernagra olivascens gossei. Beyond the valley of the Rio Negro in Patagonia climatic condi- tions become more austere and snow and ice are regular features of a prolonged winter. This zone, which may be called the Upper Austral, since it corresponds to that zone in the north, runs southward apparently into Santa Cruz, perhaps almost to the Straits of Magellan and extends to the base of the Andes in the west. It was found at Zapala, Neuquen, though a narrow tongue of Lower Austral came along the floor of a deep valley almost to Zapala, and from there runs northward along the arid mountain slopes, being found above 1,500 meters in Mendoza. It corresponds to Zone 2 in Peters' statement of the life zones of Patagonia. Its occurrence in Chile is uncertain, but it should be found along the northern border of the southern forest region. In the south this zone is wholly arid and covers an area of rolling plateaus, broken by rocky hills ai^id rough valleys, covered with low, thorny bushes or mats of spiny, stiffstemmed plants that persist throughout the year. Various flowering annuals appear with a somewhat rigorous spring and persist for a short period. There are numerous lakes, particularly in the west (many of them alkaline), with occasional patches of permanent green vegetation in spring}^ localities. The region is one of high winds, that blowing from the west, sweep with them air currents cold from Andean snows. The following birds are characteristic of this area Pterocnemia pennata. Enicomis phoenicurus. Tinamotis ingoufi. Muscisaxicola capistrata. Calopezus elegans elegans. Muscisaxicola, maculirostris. Thinocorus orbignyianus. Sicalis lebruni. MetriopeUa m. melanoptera. Phrygilus aldunatei. Gcositta rufipennis. :
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16 BULLETIN 133, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM<br />
even here it did not seem to me that the typical tropics had been<br />
reached. From this point the line limiting the Tropical Zone may<br />
swing down in the west into the lowlands of Salta and Jujuy, and<br />
in the east to include part of the Territory of Mi<strong>si</strong>ones. As the land<br />
through the interior is comparatively level, tran<strong>si</strong>tion between Tropi-<br />
cal and the succeeding zone is very gradual. The folloAving forms of<br />
birds taken at Puerto Pinasco were not secured farther south. Some<br />
of them, however, are recorded for eastern Salta, Jujuy, or for<br />
Mi<strong>si</strong>ones<br />
:<br />
Heterospi<strong>si</strong>as merldionalis meridion-<br />
alis.<br />
Pyrrhura frontalis chiripepe.<br />
Trogonurus variegatus hehni.<br />
Dendrocolaptes picumnus.<br />
Lepidocolaptes angustirostris cer-<br />
thiolus.<br />
LOWER AUSTRAL Z0NE3<br />
SyrMllaxis albilora.<br />
Troglodytes musculus niusculus.<br />
Turdus albicollis.<br />
Ba<strong>si</strong>leutcrus hypoleucus.<br />
Ba<strong>si</strong>leuterus flaveolus.<br />
Myospiza humeralis humeralis.<br />
A moderate climate, one where frost may occur regularly but snow<br />
only casually, characterizes the greater part of the level sections of<br />
eastern and northern Argentina, extending south to the valley of the<br />
Rio Negro and on the north including Uruguay and a portion of<br />
southern Paraguay. As the zone that succeeds the Tropical belt it<br />
may be called the Lower Austral Zone. Though varied in its char-<br />
acteristics, it is readily divi<strong>si</strong>ble into at least two sections—one arid<br />
and the other humid. The level eastern pampas lie within the humid<br />
section of this zone, which includes also the Argentine Chaco. Toward<br />
the interior there is a gradual decrease in amount of annual<br />
rainfall, with a corresponding tran<strong>si</strong>tion to a condition of aridity<br />
characterized by broad, dry plains grown with scattered scrub of<br />
calden (Prosopis nigra), piquillin {Gondalia lineata), or perhaps<br />
broad areas covered with creosote bush {Covillea divaricafa), atri-<br />
plex {Atriplex Imnpa and A. crenatlfolia), and others. This zone<br />
'covers the broad flats of eastern Mendoza to the base of the moun-<br />
tains, where it penetrates among the winding valleys into the foot-<br />
hills to about 1,200 meters altitude (in that latitude) and extends in<br />
the interior from Santiago del Estero and La Rioja south to the<br />
valleys of the Rio Colorado and Rio Negro in northern Patagonia.<br />
It corresponds to Peters' Zone 1 in Patagonia, which, according to<br />
him, prevails in the Territory of Rio Negro below " 1,000 to 1,500<br />
feet," and extends up the valley of the Rio Limay to a point between<br />
Paso Limay and Senillosa. It is also the zone of central Chile.<br />
The Lower Austral Zone is characterized by the following breed-<br />
ing; birds: