volume one

HISTOET or THE CKUSADES. 443
sea ; lie wto struck T\'itli the sword, had his hand cut off
he who abused another, gave to the person he had offended
as many ounces of silver as he had uttered invectives ; when
a man was convicted of theft, boiling pitch was poiu-ed upon
his shaven head, it was then covered with feathers, and he
was abandoned on the nearest shore ; a muixlerer, bound to
the corpse of his victim, was to be cast into the sea, or buried
alive.
As the presence of women had occasioned many disorders
in the first crusade, they were forbidden to go to the Holy
Land. Gambling M-ith dice, or other games of chance,
together with profane swearing or blasphemy, were strictly
Ibrbidden among the Crusaders ; and luxury of the table or
in clothes was repressed by a law. The assembly of ISTonancourt
made many other regulations, and neglected nothing
likely to bring back the soldiers of Christ to the simplicity
and wtues of the Gospel.
Whenever princes, nobles, or knights set out for the holy
war, they made their wills, as if they were certain never to
return to Europe. AVhen Philip came back to his capital,
he declared his last will, and regulated, for the period of his
absence, the administration of his kingdom, which he confided
to Queen Adela, his mother, and his uncle, the Cardinal
de Champagne. After having fulfilled the duties of a king,
he laid down the sceptre, to take, at St. Denis, the staff and
scrip of a pilgrim,, and went to Yezelay, where he was to
have another interview with Eichard. The two kings again
swore an eternal friendship, and both called down the
thunders of the Church upon the head of him who should
break his oaths. They separated full of friendship for each
other ; Eichard hastened to embark at Marseilles, and Philip
at Genoa. An English historian remarks that thev were
the only kings of Prance and England that ever fought
together for the same cause ; but this harmony, the work of
extraordinary circumstances, was not likely to exist long
between two princes acted upon by so many motives of
rivalry. Both young, ardent, brave, and magnificent; Philip
the greater king, Eichard the greater captain; both animated
by the same ambition and the same passion for glory.
Desire for renown, much more than piety, drew them to
the Holy Land : both haughty and prompt to revenge an in-
;