volume one
volume one volume one
372 HisTOBT or the ceusadzs. posaeflB themselves of cities which might protect the march of pilgrims into Syria. "We admire the patience with which they endured the outrages and the perfidies of the Greeks but this moderation, more rehgious than poUtic, only led them to their ruin. We must add that they entertained too low an opioion of the Turks, and did not take sufficient heed of the means necessary to contend with them. The Grermans, in particular, were so fuU of confidence, that, according to the report of !Xicetas, they would rather have thought of taking shovels and pick-axes with them than swords or lances, believing that they had nothing to do but to cut themselves a road across Asia ]Minor. By another singularity, the Crusaders, in this war, did not employ the cross-bow* which a council of the Lateran had condemned as too miurderous, and the use of which was interdicted to the warriors of the West. The infantry was left almost without arms, and when the Crusaders had lost their cavalry, thev had no defence against an enemy. The Christian armies, as in the first crusade, dragged in their traiu a great number of cliildren. women, and old men, who could do nothing: towards victorv. and vet alwavs oreatlv augmented the disorder and despair consequent upon a defeat. With this multitude no discipline could be established ; nor is it apparent that the leaders made any attempt to prevent the etfects of Hcense. Geofii^ey de Eancon, whose imprudence caused the destruction of half the French armT. and placed the king of France in the greatest peril, had no other punishment but his repentance, and thought he expiated his neglect of duty by prostrating himself at the tomb of Christ. That which was still more injurious to discipline was the depravity- of manners in the Christian army, which must be principally attributed to the gi'eat number of women that had taken arms, and mixed in. the raiil:f= of the soldiery. La. this crusade there was a troop of A--:. OS, commanded by a general whose dress was much : : : e admired than her courage, and whose gilded boots r rd her the name of " tlie lady with the legs ofgold.'' Another cause of the dissoluteness of manners was the extreme facility with which the most vicious men, even convi r- 1 malefactors, were admitted amone the Crusaders, be. Bernard, who considered the crusade as a road to heaven, ^ ;
HISTOEY OF THE CSUSADES. 373 summoned the greatest sinners to take part in it, and rejoiced at seeing them thus enter into the way of eternal Kfe. In a council of liheims, of which the abbot of Clam'aux was the oracle, it was decreed that incendiaries should be punished by serving Grod one year either in Jerusalem or JSpain. The ardent preacher of the holy war did not reflect that great sinners, enrolled under the banners of the cross, woidd be exposed to new temptations, and that during a long voyage it would be much more easy for them to corrupt their companions than to amend their own conduct. Disorders were unhappily tolerated by the leaders, who beHeved that Heaven was ever indulgent towards Crusaders, and did not wish to be more severe than it. And yet the Christian army, amidst a most frightful state of morals, presented examples of an austere piety. Surrounded by the dangers of war, and harassed by the fatigues of a long pilgrimage, the king of France never neglected the most minute practices of rehgion. The greater part of the leaders took him for their model, and when in camp, paid more attention to religious processions than to mihtary exercises ; so that many warriors actually placed more con- fidence in then' prayers than in their arms. In general, through the whole of this crusade, sufficient dependence was not placed on human means and human prudence,—everything was left to Pro\'idence, which seldom protects those who stray from the ways of reason and wisdom. The first crusade had two distinctive characters,— piety and heroism ; the second had scarcely any other principle but a piety which parrook more of the devotion of the cloister than of a generous enthusiasm. The influence of the monks who had preached it, and who then meddled very much in temporal affairs, was but too evident through the whole of this crusade. The king of France in his misfortunes displayed nothing but the resignation of a martyr, and in the field of battle was only distinguished by the ardour and courage of a soldier. The emperor of G-ermany did not evince greater ability ; he lost all by his mad presumption, and from having thought himself able to conquer the Turks without the assistance of the Frencli. Both were Kmited in their views, and were greatly wanting in that energv which produces great actioas. In the expedition which
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HISTOEY OF THE CSUSADES. 373<br />
summ<strong>one</strong>d the greatest sinners to take part in it, and rejoiced<br />
at seeing them thus enter into the way of eternal Kfe.<br />
In a council of liheims, of which the abbot of Clam'aux was<br />
the oracle, it was decreed that incendiaries should be<br />
punished by serving Grod <strong>one</strong> year either in Jerusalem or<br />
JSpain. The ardent preacher of the holy war did not reflect<br />
that great sinners, enrolled under the banners of the cross,<br />
woidd be exposed to new temptations, and that during a<br />
long voyage it would be much more easy for them to corrupt<br />
their companions than to amend their own conduct. Disorders<br />
were unhappily tolerated by the leaders, who beHeved<br />
that Heaven was ever indulgent towards Crusaders, and did<br />
not wish to be more severe than it.<br />
And yet the Christian army, amidst a most frightful state<br />
of morals, presented examples of an austere piety. Surrounded<br />
by the dangers of war, and harassed by the fatigues<br />
of a long pilgrimage, the king of France never neglected<br />
the most minute practices of rehgion. The greater part of<br />
the leaders took him for their model, and when in camp,<br />
paid more attention to religious processions than to mihtary<br />
exercises ; so that many warriors actually placed more con-<br />
fidence in then' prayers than in their arms. In general,<br />
through the whole of this crusade, sufficient dependence was<br />
not placed on human means and human prudence,—everything<br />
was left to Pro\'idence, which seldom protects those<br />
who stray from the ways of reason and wisdom.<br />
The first crusade had two distinctive characters,— piety<br />
and heroism ; the second had scarcely any other principle<br />
but a piety which parrook more of the devotion of the<br />
cloister than of a generous enthusiasm. The influence of<br />
the monks who had preached it, and who then meddled very<br />
much in temporal affairs, was but too evident through the<br />
whole of this crusade. The king of France in his misfortunes<br />
displayed nothing but the resignation of a martyr, and<br />
in the field of battle was only distinguished by the ardour<br />
and courage of a soldier. The emperor of G-ermany did not<br />
evince greater ability ; he lost all by his mad presumption,<br />
and from having thought himself able to conquer the Turks<br />
without the assistance of the Frencli. Both were Kmited<br />
in their views, and were greatly wanting in that energv<br />
which produces great actioas. In the expedition which
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