06-bioresourcesstatu.. - M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation

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Gulf of Kachchh Table 16 : Cropping pattern of coastal districts around the Gulf of Kachchh (in ha.) District Wheat 8aira Sugarcane Spices Pulses 91-92 93.94 91-92 93-94 91-92 93-94 91-92 93-94 91-92 93-94 Kachchh 5,337 5,763 41,372 41,333 82 46 192 185 36,103 36,104 Jamnagar 36,860 38,552 72,696 47,656 867 840 33,051 11,145 10,009 7,891 Rajkot 5,139 4,839 32,817 32,748 107 85 1,275 688 888 922 Total 47,736 49,154 1,46,88512,1737 1,056 971 34,518 12,018 47,000 44,917 District Fruits& Veg Drugs& Narc. Callan OilSeeds Fodder 91-92 93-94 91-92 93-94 91.92 93.94 91-92 93-94 91-92 93-94 Kachchh 3,028 3,022 2,595 8,9<strong>06</strong> 30,869 1,85,452 32,522 32,546 2,21,353 2,20,360 Jamnagar 4,356 4,322 28,198 28,210 2,31,015 2,30,328 1,86,610 1,69,786 Rajkot 2,435 2,396 37,737 36,767 1,46,246 1,45,250 23,555 22,083 Total 9,819 9,740 2,595 8,9<strong>06</strong> 96,804 2,50,399 4,09,783 4,08,124 4,31,518 4,12,229 Source : Directorate of Agriculture, Ahmedabaft has been an increase of only 10% in the coastal talukas and 12% in the district of Jamnagar. However, some changes seem to have taken place in this pattern during the last decade 1981-91. Though the large and medium landholdings have remained relatively dominant, there has been a discernible decline in the small and marginal holdings. This was so especially in the small and marginal holdings in the case of the district of Jamnagar that might force agricultural activities to be more intensive requiring more inputs in terms of water, fertilizers and pesticides. As far as area of operational holdings is concerned, there has been an increase of only 10% in the coastal talukas and 12% in the district of Jamnagar. c. Forestry : The recorded forest area of Gujarat, spread over 18,830 km', covers only 9.6% of the geographical area of the State. The actual forest cover of the State is 11,934 km', which constitutes 6.1% of the geographIc area. These estimates include the mangrove forests covering an area of 1031 km', Per capita forest area in Gujarat works out to 0.04 ha, whIch is nearly one-third the national average of 0.11 ha. There has been a reduction in per capita land area (38%) and forest area (37%) in Gujarat ~ Zilla Panchllf81 Office? Dhu}. between 1970-71 and 1995-96 indicating the amount of pressures on land and forest. The forest cover, which houses rich flora and fauna is degrading at places from dense through open forest to scrub-land. d. Livestock : Table 17: Forest cover in the vicinity of the Gulf of Kachchh (area in kIn') Animal husbandry is an important economic activity in arid and semi-arid regions supporting farm income. Gujarat has its native breeds of cattle, buffaloes, sheeps and horses. In the Kachchh region, 'Kankrej' breed of cattle is a powerful draft animal and is also being exported to other countries. This breed has adapted to semi-arid conditions and this is, probably, reflected in the fact that it has existed since pre-historic times and is also found in the Indus valley civilization seals. However, this region faces frequent droughts and livestock becomes tbe first victim during such conditions. During such periods a large number of cattle sheep, etc. either perish or have .to be migrated to other areas. During the decade 1982-92, the cattle population growth indicated negative rates in all the three coastal districts. In the Kachchh district even goats witnessed similar negative growth rate and only sheep showed considerable positive growth rate. District Geographicarea Forestarea Denseforest Openforest Mangrove Total Scrub Jamnagar 14,125 1,208.9 25 173 140 338 67 Kachchh 45,652 2,879.5 251 1,035 854 2,140 739 Rajkot 11,203 359.2 6 81 0 87 60 Total 70,980 4,447.6 282 1,298 994 2,565 866 Source: FSi; 1999; Forest Statlstics~ 1998 18
In the coastal talukas of Kachchh district animal population is more than that the human population resulting a ratio of 1.35:1. This would mean greater pressure on land and water resources, which is controlled by cultivation fodder on the Banni grasslands of the Great Rann of Kachchh. In the two coastal talukas of Rajkot district, the animal to human ration is also large at 2.6:1. Here perhaps, the situation is managed by migrating the animals for seasonal grazing. The information about the cattle population in some of the coastal villages in Jamnagar district is available. According to available information, 56,094 cattle population is spread out over an area of 318.47 km', which renects that the total number of animals per km was 176.13. Goats and buffaloes constituted 31.09% and 35.39% of the total livestock population. About 2,546 families in the region were involved in livestock rearing. Rabaris a socio cultural group rear cows, buffaloes, goats and sheep. VI. Threats to the Bio-Resource Gujarat is the second largest industrialized state in India. The industries consist of cement, chemicals, dyes and dye-intermediates, pharmaceuticals, textiles, pulp and paper, rubber and plastics, dairy products, electronics, engineering goods, petroleum, natural gas and jeavy water plant. These are located mostly along the estuaries and coastal marine areas. The State cultivated 95,000 kIll' agricultural land producing a variety of crops consuming around 6,00,000tons of fertilizers and pesticides annually - the applications of which are more than the national rate and are increasing with every passing year. With increasing industrialization the volume of effluents is always on the increase. The coastal population, on their turn, should be adding over 600 Mm' sewage per year and wastewater to the marine areas around .. These treated, partially treated and untreated human and industrial wastes are generating considerable stress for the marine environment. The main threats to the ecosystem of the Gulf of Kachchh are from oil, petrochemicals and allied industries. The Gulf area is being aggressively developed as an oil importing base because of its proximity to the oil exporting countries of the Middle East. The coastal oil and refinery facilities, as at pr:>sent, are: crude oil terminal at Vadinar and the S~laya-Mathura pipeline of Indian Oil 19 Gulf of Kachchh Corporation, Reliance Petroleum and ESSAR oil grass root refineries at Moti Kahavdi and Jam Khambhaliya respectively targetted to process together 39 million tones (MT) of crude oil per a(lnum, the planned Vadinar-Bina overland pipeline of Bharat Petroleum and sub-sea pipeline of Bharat-Oman Petroleum near Narara, the proposed Vadinar-Kandla submarine products pipeline and the Kandla -Karnal cross country products pipeline. All these are being established in the inner-half of the Gulf. Six single buoy moorings (SBM)will be ultimately permitted to be located in the Gulf. As of 1999, 4 SBMs are in place and the remaining two are under consideration. These are being used to import 40-80 MT crude oil per year through the facilities on the coast. The import is targeted to be increased gradually to 100 MT yr-'. During operation each SBM is allowed to release an average of 300 barrels (41 tones) oil per year to the sea, as estimated by the Environment Protection Agency. (EPA) of USA in 1978 for all offshore oil terminals in US waters. These figures, were for the second-generation SBMs.The present fourth~generation SBMs have no permission to release any crude oil to the Gulf. One moderate accidental oil spill at sea or on land will be enough to destroy, almost irreversibly, the fragile coral reefs and their associate lush nora and fauna. It is believed, as of 1999, that several small oil spills have already taken place in the Gulf and have not been reported to any of the official agency. It seems it is like a free for all situation on pollution in the Gulf. Anybody can do anything and can get away with it, and/or create avoidable confusion afterwards. A few oil spills during late 1999 were, however, detected. Being small their ecological damages were insignificant. But their sources could not be identified beyond suspicion. The industries existing and planned along the coast, with their associated urbanization will be releasing their wastewater, in treated or untreated form, to the coastal Gulf. Treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater is an expensive process. Almost all over the world, usually no more wastewater is treated than is deemed absolutely necessary to meet legal obligations; and in many places the wastewater is released into the sea without any treatment at all. Wastewater release to the Gulf from the two refineries RPL and EOL are not permitted, even in treated form as these
Page 2 and 3: , \ Bioresources Status in Select C
Page 4 and 5: Preface Foreword Introduction Biore
Page 6 and 7: 'ST. (~) ~ wrf Dr. (Mrs.) Manju Sha
Page 8 and 9: Preparation of status report and de
Page 10 and 11: Gulf of Kachchh II. Description of
Page 12 and 13: Gulf of Kachchh Table 5 : Natural w
Page 14 and 15: Gulf of Kachchh marine life. Out of
Page 16 and 17: Gulf of Kachchh same coast Spongomo
Page 18 and 19: Gulf of Kachchh Kachchh. Ninety-one
Page 20 and 21: Gulf of Kachchh involved in the res
Page 22 and 23: Gulf of Kachchh Parastromateus nige
Page 24 and 25: Gulf of Kachchh Table 14. Fishing c
Page 28 and 29: Gulf of Kachc Table Year 1897 1909
Page 30 and 31: Gulf of Kachchh VII. Conservation A
Page 32 and 33: Gulf of Kachchh their life cycle. S
Page 34 and 35: Gulf of Kachchh Eswaran, C.R, KR. N
Page 36 and 37: Gulf of Kachchh ABBREVATIONS FSI Fo
Page 38 and 39: Name of the island Majnr habitat Im
Page 40 and 41: I Name of the island (GPS Location)
Page 42 and 43: Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
Page 44 and 45: Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Loc
Page 46 and 47: Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name loc
Page 48 and 49: • Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name
Page 50 and 51: Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
Page 54 and 55: Gulf of Kachchh VI. Checklist of mo
Page 56 and 57: Gullo! Kach.chh Species Name Common
Page 58 and 59: Gulf of Kachchh Species Name 1 (New
Page 60 and 61: Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
Page 62 and 63: Gulf of Kachchh IX. Checklist of th
Page 64 and 65: Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name 1 P
Page 66 and 67: Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Com
Page 70 and 71: Gulf of Kachchh Category 1 REPTILES
Page 72 and 73: .' Avicennia marina dense patch t._
Page 74 and 75: I. Introduction Malvan Bio-resource
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- ---------------------------------
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I""F--r'--' -~------i, ~:::~::, "
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Sr.No. Variety 95-96 15. Ribbon fis
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A MAP- 6 Principal crops of Ratnagl
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threat of low fish production, 'low
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S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
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S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
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S.No. + Preset and - Absent Name of
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S.No. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
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Alphonso mangos Cashew fruit flower
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Vermicompost project demonstration
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Vembanad Lake The Vembanad Lake is
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Vembanad Lake b. Kumarakom (9°37'
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Vembanad Lake gymnocephalus, Gerres
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Vembanad Lake cyprinoides (Grey). A
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Vembanad Lake Estimates of live cla
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Vembanad Lake exploited from Vemban
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Vembanad Lake currents in these are
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Vembanad Lake Some of plant like Ce
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Vembanad Lake agrochemicals, sewage
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Vembanad Lake Kurup, B.M., M.J. Seb
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. Lakshadweep Islands I. Introducti
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Lakshadweep Islands iii. The Natura
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Lakshadweep Islands c. The Ocean Th
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Lakshadweep Islands 70000 soooo 500
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Lakshadweep Islands and, Scaveola k
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Lakshadweep Islands islands to impr
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Lakshadweep Islands take during the
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Lakshadweep Islands and thereafter
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Lakshadweep Islands 1. Pre-baiting
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Lakshadweep Islands increases the w
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Lakshadweep Islands Table 5 - Manag
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Lakshadweep Islands Acknowledgemen
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 2 Some
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 3 - Li
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Lakshadweep Islands I S.No. Name of
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 5 Sign
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Lakshadweep Islands 3. THE LAKSHADW
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L ak shad we e pis I and s 4. Vol.
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Lakshadweep Islands This would redu
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I!i ~ ~ - •• /II'f;~ If:~" "',.
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Pulicat Lake I. Introduction Pulica
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Pulicat Lake Figure 2 : River syste
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Pullcat Lake respect to certain con
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Pulicat Lake Figure 5. Annual Incom
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Pulicat Lake about 40 to 50 painted
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Pulicat Lake V. Bioresource Profile
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Pulicat Lake 1285 to 24768 in the f
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Pulicat Lake seeding procedures and
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Pulicat Lake and lagoons. which for
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Pulicat Lake SINo. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6
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Pulicat Lake REFERENCES Anantharama
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Pullea! Lake SI No. Name of the Vil
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Pulicat Lake SI Primary High Hr. Se
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Pulicat Lake SINo. SCIENTIFIC NAME
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Pulicat Lake SINo. COMMON NAME SCIE
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Pulicat Lake ANNEXURE -v Fishing Gr
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~ ~ 29 Thirumalainagar 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Pulicat Lake 42 Mugathuvarakuppam 3
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Light house village with traditiona
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I. Introduction Bhitarkanika In 199
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the absence of Nypa fruitcans (loca
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-- 2olf1 1981 1961 1941 1921 1901 D
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has indicated that macro and meio-f
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• Tantiapal fish landing center :
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to see whether the solar cookers we
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The ploughs and other implements ar
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the rice straw is exhausted. A few
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generate information that will help
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Kenneally, KF. (1982). Ma11{}roveof
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Bhitarkanika No. CommonName Zoologi
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Bhilarkanika Fish No. CommonName No
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1. Introduction Chilika Lake Chilik
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ii. Climate The state of Orissa is
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The central sector is moderately de
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asis of available data from an earl
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Table3:Distributionofmajorvasrularh
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A total number of 217 species of fi
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lake from the sea. The two openings
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Workshop/Seminar conference Table6:
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agricultural fields for the purpose
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from Chilika lake has fallen from 4
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in September, 2000. The old mouth a
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culture" of fish/shrimp that not on
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tourism around the world and guidel
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...::.-:.~--: .•.:...~ ~~ _.~--:.
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Malvan tahsil located along west co
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The Lakshadweep Islands are the onl
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Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary is
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3rfU~TTfmJ~ Executive Summary in Hi
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15 ~ ~ 11~ 'W 4& ~ ~ ~ IL~ 'l&t ~ ~
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~U~!~~ii ~fiHIB ~u;~t ~1~U1Hh~i 1¥
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L 1 ~ 1~'* - -- :; -: ~.~ . df ~ 'i
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i,,;r; ~i~~i~'I~i4&~i til 1& ~ -,,:
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