06-bioresourcesstatu.. - M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation

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culture" of fish/shrimp that not onl~'promoted the entry of non-fishermen but also marginalised the traditional fishermen who have been living solely on the fishery resources from Chilka (Samal, 2002). Effort should therefore be made to enhance sustainable dependence of the common men on the bioresources of Chilika without jeopardizing its ecology so that the overall socio-economic conditions of the people depending on Chilika could be improved significantly. It is to be seen whether 'blue revolution' and ecorestoration can work at the same time in context of Chilika? The historic intervention by opening of the second mouth opposite to village Sipakuda, 7.26 km away from Satapada in September, 2000, seems to yield the intended results (A new lease of life: Chilika, a brochure released by the CDA). The dramatic increase in fish, prawn and crab catch since year 2000-01(Table 7), no doubt, lends credence to this. Over this period the hydrology of Chilika, particularly the salinity gradient across the lagoon, is also undergoing significant change, the impact of which on the bioresource profile in the long run, however, needs further research and assessment. Reports on the decline of birds at the Nalabana Bird Sanctuary and their congregation at the northern region of the lagoon during the current winter perhaps is a pointer to the undesirable side effect of the unprecedented but sudden interference into the ecosystem of the Chilika lagoon. One would still observe relatively more poverty and unemployment among the common people living in the water locked regions, mostly belonging to Krishnaprasad Block of Puri district, located inside Chilika lagoon, where people live mostly on agriculture and fishery. Rice cultivation in the low lying agricultural fields in the region has been a problem, for excess rain or more influx of water into Chilika causes flood in the rice fields and spoils the crop, and so there has been a tendency among people to use the low-lying agriculture fields for aquaculture. The benefit from fishery resource is, however, being not shared equitably among the local people of Chilika. There is too much interference of nonfishermen from out side in fishery and related business, which has been the major cause of discontent and resentment among the local people. The benefits derived from the resources of Chilika are flowing out bypassing its local people. Chilika Lake This has been the bone of contention of the region for the past decade. i. Scope lor improvement Efforts are being made by the State government to develop road net work connecting the water locked villages of the Krushnaprasad Block inside the Chilika lagoon with Malud and Palur on the south and Nuapada and Janhikuda towards the north. The newly constructed roads are being subjected to erosion due to rain or excess of backwater in Chilika. Maintenance of roads has been a problem, which can be better protected by undertaking appropriate avenue plantation on the roadsides. The soil in the region being saline plant species of Pandanus and Casuarina could be ideal for the purpose. Apart from protecting the roads from soil erosion Pandanus fascicularis has the potential to support the local community economically. The business of flower (male inflorescence of P. fascicularis) during the seasons, which is presently confined only to village Malud and its neighborhood has the potential to spread the entire Krushnaprasad block of Chilika region that calls for immediate and extensive plantation of the species. For reasons unknown unlike people of Ganjam coast, the people in the Krushnaprasad block are so far are not able to tap the resource of Pandanus commercially. The large junk wetlands adjoining Chilika lying barren has the potential for use in aquaculture. One has to see for alternative resources for aquaculture such as economically useful weeds (algae). This again calls for the utilization of the available expertise from the scientists of Central Salt and Marine <strong>Research</strong> Institution, Bhav Nagar, Gujarat and Mandapam, Tamil Nadu. Besides planning and management of ecology and resources of Chilika the need of the hour is to emphasize on basic research relating to all aspects of Chilika lagoon, which is some what lacking at this moment. This is evident from the updated bibliography (CDA 2001). The input of basic . research, quality and quantity, on the fauna, flora and fishery of Chilika in terms of publications in peer reviewed journals pioneered by Dr. N. Annandale and his associates in 1920s (Annandale, 1915, 1917, 1920, 1924, Sewell and Annandle, 1922) that continued through 1950s and 1960s (Jones and Sujansinghani, 1951; Rajan, 1964, 1968) till 1970s (Natarajan and Patnaik, 1971; Patnaik, 1973 a, b; Kowtal; 1976, 1978; Mohanty, 1976) is glaringly missing in the present days. Renewed impetus on basic research and 223
Chilika Lake development is warranted. The need for basic research at present is even more than ever before, particularly since the time after the opening of the second mouth in September 2000. There is scope in the part of Office of the Assistant Director of Fisheries (Biology and Technology), which is now housed in a dilapidated building at Balugaon, to play a vital role in the areas of fish biology and fishery research. The Chilika lagoon with all its bio-diversity, bio-resources and socio-economic potential deserves a full fledged autonomous Acknowledgements research institute, independent of the CDA. Such an institution would not only help revival of the much needed basic research pertaining to the biodiversity and bioresources of the lagoon but also in collaboration with other universities and' institutions would be able to formulate {lnd implement long-term strategies for better management of bioresources augmenting ecorestoration, eco-development as well as economic upliftment of the people depending on the resources from lagoon. The authors wish to leave on record a few names: Prof. S. N. Patanik, and Dr. S. P. Adhikary, who have unhesitatingly shared information and provided their published work on Chilika. Discussions -with Sri P. K. Patnaik, Additional Tahasildar, Banapur and Dr. K. K. Samal, Assistant Director of Fisheries, Balugaon have been very useful during our survey and fieldwork. The Director of Census, Bhubaneswar has been very cooperative in getting us data on census 1991 of the Chilika region. Scientists of CDA, Bhubaneswar; ZSI, Berhampur and Wildlife Wing, Forest Department of Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar have helped us in sharing with the relevant literature and background information. Technical assistance provided by research students Mr. Ravi Panigrahy and Mr. Uma Panda in collection of data during field survey as well as in compilation of the present report is highly appreciated. Thanks are also due to Dr. L. N. Acharjyo, Dr. S. S. Khora and Dr. Jita Patra for critically reading the manuscript and for helpful discussions. Last but not the least, we are thankful to the local people, in and around the Chilika, who were not only enthusiastic to learn about our effort in bringing out this report but also extended all possible cooperation in our field studies. REFERENCES Adhikary, S.P. (2002) Use 01 economically important algal forms (seaweeds) of Chilika Lake, in P. Mohanty et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of International Workshop on Sustainable Development of Chilika Lagoon, Chilika Development Authority, Bhubaneswar, pp. 149- 156. Adhikary, S.P. and Sahu, J.K. (1991) Studies on the Trichdesmium Bloomof Chilika Lake, East Coast of India, Phykos 30: 101-107. Adhikary, S.P.'and Sahu, J.K. (1992) Distribution and seasonal abundance of algal forms in Chilika Lake, East Coast of India, Jpn. Limnol., 53: 197- 203. Alfred.J.R.B. and Nandi, N. C. (2000)Faunal diversity of Indian Wetlands, Environment News 4 (4&5), April / May 2000. Annandale, N. (1915) Fauna of the Chilika lake: The Coelenterates with an account of Actiniaraia of brackish water in Gangetic Delta,Mem. Ind. Mus. 5: 65-114. Annandale, N. (1917) A new genus of limbless skink from an island in the Chilika Lake,Rec.Ind. Mus., 13: 17-21. Annandale, N. (1920) Introduction to the study of tbe fauna of an island in the Chilika Lake, Mem. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 7:258-287. 224 Annandale, N. (1924)fauna of the Chilika lake: mollusca gestropoda (revision), Mem. Ind. Mus., 5:853-873. Asthana, V. (1976) Limnological studies of Chilika lake, Orissa, Project Report No. 112, Indian Programme on Man and Biosphere, Department of Science and Technology,Government of India. Assistant Director of Fisheries (2001)Information Sheet of Assistant Director of Fisheries (Biology & Technology),Balugaon, Khurda., Banerjee, L. K, and Roy, A. (2002) Plant resources of Chilka lagoon, P. Mohanty et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of International Workshop on Sustainable Development of Chilika Lagoon, Chilika DevelopmentAuth.ority,Bhubaneswar, pp. 168-171. Barnes, R. K. S. (1980) Coastal Lagoons, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1<strong>06</strong> pp. Barik, B. (1990) Chilika Darpan, Shrada Bhawan, Cuttack, p. 120 (in Oriya). Biswas, K. (1924) The subaerial algae of Barakuda Island in the Chilika lake, Ganjam district Madras Presidency, Mem. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 11:65-198. Biswas, K. (1934) Algal flora of Chilika Lake, Mem. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 20:359-364. Ceballos-Lascurain, H. 1996. Tourism, ecotourism and protected areas: The state of nature-based
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, \ Bioresources Status in Select C
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Preface Foreword Introduction Biore
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'ST. (~) ~ wrf Dr. (Mrs.) Manju Sha
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Preparation of status report and de
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Gulf of Kachchh II. Description of
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 5 : Natural w
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Gulf of Kachchh marine life. Out of
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Gulf of Kachchh same coast Spongomo
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Gulf of Kachchh Kachchh. Ninety-one
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Gulf of Kachchh involved in the res
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Gulf of Kachchh Parastromateus nige
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 14. Fishing c
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 16 : Cropping
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Gulf of Kachc Table Year 1897 1909
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Gulf of Kachchh VII. Conservation A
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Gulf of Kachchh their life cycle. S
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Gulf of Kachchh Eswaran, C.R, KR. N
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Gulf of Kachchh ABBREVATIONS FSI Fo
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Name of the island Majnr habitat Im
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I Name of the island (GPS Location)
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Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Loc
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name loc
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• Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name
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Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
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Gulf of Kachchh VI. Checklist of mo
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Gullo! Kach.chh Species Name Common
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Gulf of Kachchh Species Name 1 (New
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Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
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Gulf of Kachchh IX. Checklist of th
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name 1 P
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Com
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Gulf of Kachchh Category 1 REPTILES
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.' Avicennia marina dense patch t._
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I. Introduction Malvan Bio-resource
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- ---------------------------------
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I""F--r'--' -~------i, ~:::~::, "
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Sr.No. Variety 95-96 15. Ribbon fis
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A MAP- 6 Principal crops of Ratnagl
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threat of low fish production, 'low
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S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
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S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
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S.No. + Preset and - Absent Name of
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S.No. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
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Alphonso mangos Cashew fruit flower
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Vermicompost project demonstration
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Vembanad Lake The Vembanad Lake is
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Vembanad Lake b. Kumarakom (9°37'
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Vembanad Lake gymnocephalus, Gerres
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Vembanad Lake cyprinoides (Grey). A
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Vembanad Lake Estimates of live cla
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Vembanad Lake exploited from Vemban
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Vembanad Lake currents in these are
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Vembanad Lake Some of plant like Ce
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Vembanad Lake agrochemicals, sewage
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Vembanad Lake Kurup, B.M., M.J. Seb
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. Lakshadweep Islands I. Introducti
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Lakshadweep Islands iii. The Natura
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Lakshadweep Islands c. The Ocean Th
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Lakshadweep Islands 70000 soooo 500
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Lakshadweep Islands and, Scaveola k
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Lakshadweep Islands islands to impr
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Lakshadweep Islands take during the
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Lakshadweep Islands and thereafter
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Lakshadweep Islands 1. Pre-baiting
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Lakshadweep Islands increases the w
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Lakshadweep Islands Table 5 - Manag
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Lakshadweep Islands Acknowledgemen
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 2 Some
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 3 - Li
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Lakshadweep Islands I S.No. Name of
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 5 Sign
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Lakshadweep Islands 3. THE LAKSHADW
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L ak shad we e pis I and s 4. Vol.
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Lakshadweep Islands This would redu
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I!i ~ ~ - •• /II'f;~ If:~" "',.
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Pulicat Lake I. Introduction Pulica
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Pulicat Lake Figure 2 : River syste
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Pullcat Lake respect to certain con
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Pulicat Lake Figure 5. Annual Incom
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Pulicat Lake about 40 to 50 painted
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Pulicat Lake V. Bioresource Profile
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Pulicat Lake 1285 to 24768 in the f
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Pulicat Lake seeding procedures and
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Pulicat Lake and lagoons. which for
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Pulicat Lake SINo. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6
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Pulicat Lake REFERENCES Anantharama
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Pullea! Lake SI No. Name of the Vil
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Pulicat Lake SI Primary High Hr. Se
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Pulicat Lake SINo. SCIENTIFIC NAME
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Pulicat Lake SINo. COMMON NAME SCIE
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Pulicat Lake ANNEXURE -v Fishing Gr
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~ ~ 29 Thirumalainagar 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Pulicat Lake 42 Mugathuvarakuppam 3
Page 194 and 195: Light house village with traditiona
Page 196 and 197: I. Introduction Bhitarkanika In 199
Page 198 and 199: the absence of Nypa fruitcans (loca
Page 200 and 201: -- 2olf1 1981 1961 1941 1921 1901 D
Page 202 and 203: has indicated that macro and meio-f
Page 204 and 205: • Tantiapal fish landing center :
Page 206 and 207: to see whether the solar cookers we
Page 208 and 209: The ploughs and other implements ar
Page 210 and 211: the rice straw is exhausted. A few
Page 212 and 213: generate information that will help
Page 214 and 215: Kenneally, KF. (1982). Ma11{}roveof
Page 217 and 218: Bhitarkanika No. CommonName Zoologi
Page 219 and 220: Bhilarkanika Fish No. CommonName No
Page 222 and 223: 1. Introduction Chilika Lake Chilik
Page 224 and 225: ii. Climate The state of Orissa is
Page 226 and 227: The central sector is moderately de
Page 228 and 229: asis of available data from an earl
Page 230 and 231: Table3:Distributionofmajorvasrularh
Page 232 and 233: A total number of 217 species of fi
Page 234 and 235: lake from the sea. The two openings
Page 236 and 237: Workshop/Seminar conference Table6:
Page 238 and 239: agricultural fields for the purpose
Page 240 and 241: from Chilika lake has fallen from 4
Page 242 and 243: in September, 2000. The old mouth a
Page 246 and 247: tourism around the world and guidel
Page 249: ...::.-:.~--: .•.:...~ ~~ _.~--:.
Page 253 and 254: Malvan tahsil located along west co
Page 255 and 256: The Lakshadweep Islands are the onl
Page 257 and 258: Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary is
Page 259 and 260: 3rfU~TTfmJ~ Executive Summary in Hi
Page 261 and 262: 15 ~ ~ 11~ 'W 4& ~ ~ ~ IL~ 'l&t ~ ~
Page 263 and 264: ~U~!~~ii ~fiHIB ~u;~t ~1~U1Hh~i 1¥
Page 265 and 266: L 1 ~ 1~'* - -- :; -: ~.~ . df ~ 'i
Page 267: i,,;r; ~i~~i~'I~i4&~i til 1& ~ -,,:
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