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Table3:Distributionofmajorvasrularhydrophytes at differentsectorsofChilikalagoon. Submerged Vegetation Potamogeton pectinatus (NGS) P. nodosus (N) Najas laveo/ata (NGS) Ruppia maritima (GS) Hydrilla verticillata (N) Vafiisneria spiralis (N) Ceratophyllum demersum (N) Myriophyllum oliganthum (N) Hafophifa ovalis(GS) H. beccarii (GS) Emergent Vegetation Schoenop/ectus /ittoralis (NGS) S. articu/atus (N) Phragmites karka (N) Cyperus compressus (N) Eleocharis dulce (N) Typha angustata iN) Fimbristylis cymosa (N) Pofygonum flaccidum (N) Myrostachya wightii (N) Panicum pa/udosum (N) P. repens (NG) P. wa/ense (N G) Najas raveo/ata make the highest contribution to the wet-weight biomass of submerged vegetation in the entire lake (Respond Project, 1998;Mohanty et al., 2001). Mlr-91 Ajx-95 fuKxl Figure 5. Percentage of wet-weight biomass 01 major submerged macrophytes in northern sector of Chfllka Lagoon. In the weed infested northern sector the maximum biomass recorded for floating and emergent vegetation are 3400 and 7500 glm' respectively. Figure 5 depicts the inter annual variation in biomass percentage of the major submerged macrophytes. It is observed that Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria spiralis have large variability as compared to other species but having opposite trends. Observed salinity variations in the northwestern sector (area of luxuriant weed growth) between March 1994 (0.27- 0.36 %0) and May 1998 (6.08 - 10.80 %0) may account for the difference in the lagoon (Respond Project 1998). Raman and Satyanarayana (2002) reported the occurrence of 42 species of phyotplankton Northern (N), Central (C) and Southern (S) 209 Floating Vegetation Eichhornia crassipes (N) Pistia stratiotes (N) Azolla pinnata (N) Lemna minor (N) $a/vinia natans (N) Nymphoides indica (N) N. hydrophylla (N) Nymphaea nouchali (N) Marsilea quadrilolia (N) Chilika Lake represented by cynophyceans, bacillariophyceans, dinopbyceans, chlorophyceans and euglenophyceans. Of theses the cyanophyceans, represented mostly by Oscilltoria, constituted the bulk (81%) of the total phytoplankton. ii. Fauna The faunal diversity of Chilika is very much rich. It has been studied rather extensively by the scientists during 1915-24 (Annandale, 1915, 1924) and later during 1985-87 (ZSI, 1995). Sporadic attempts were also made in between by few investigators (Jones and Sujansinghani, 1954; Roy and Sahoo, 1957; Menon, 1961; Rajan et al., 1968; Sharma and Satpathy, 1978; Sarma and Rao, 1980; Rao, 1987; Dandapani, 1992). Phytal fauna (Sarma and Satapathy, 1978) and meiofauna (Sarma and Rao, 1978) have also been studied, which included animal groups: foraminifera, nematoda, oligochaeta, polychaeta, copepoda, ostracoda, amphipoda, isopoda, tenaidea, insect larvae, halacaridae, cumacidaceae, kinorahyncha, gastropoda, plelecypoda, rotifera etc. There is a wtde variety of animal life forms representing various groups of animal kingdom, ranging from protozoa, porifera, polyzoa, brachiopoda, coelenterata, ctenophora, isopoda, echiura, sipuncnla, chaetoguatha, platyhelminthes, annelida, crnstacea, insecta, arachnida, molluska to pisces, amphibia, reptilia, aves and mammalia (Table 5). Chilika lagoon hosts over 729 species of wetland fauna including 217 species of fishes and 156 species of birds, 7 toad and frogs and 30 snakes and lizards (ZSI, 1995). Chilika and its islands harbour numerous insects fauna like coleopteran, odonata, butterflies,
Chilika Lake Table4.OccurrenceanddistributionofalgaeinCbilikalagoon Class Name Northern Central Southern Ouler sector sector sector channel Cyanophyceae Anabaena sp. + + + Gloeocapsa sp. + + Lyngbya aestuarii ++ ++ ++ L. confervoides ++ ++ ++ Nostoc sp. + + Oscil/oloria letevineus ++ ++ ++ Phormidium fragile + + Trichodesmium erythraeum ++ Dianophyceae Ceratium turea + + + Noctiluca miliaris + + + Dinophysis candata + Bacillariophyceae Biddulphia pulchella + + Tabel/aria fenestrata + + Pleurosigma elongturn + + + Chaetoceros affinis + + SkeJetonema costatum + Thalassiosira subtilis + Xanthophyceae Tribonema bombycinum + + + Chlorophyceae Spirogyra ,p. + + + Oedogonium sp. + + + Cladophora glomerata +++ ++ VIva lactuca ++ +++ Chaetomorpha /inum ++ +++ +++ ++ Enteromoprpha intestinalis +++ +++ ++ ++ E. compressa ++ +++ Charophyceae Chara sp. + + Nitella ,p. + Rhodophyceae Graci/aria verrucosa ++ 210 Macrozoobenthos that play an important role in sedimentation in wetlands were studied in Chilika (Respond Project, 1998). About 60 species mainly representing coelenterates, polychaetes, amphipods, tanaidacea, isopods, gastropods and lamellibranches contributed to the taxonomic composition of the benthic macrofauna of the Chilika lagoon. Gastropods contributed the largest number of individuals, which included Modiolus undulatus, Stenothyra blanfordiana, Nematonereis unieornis, Nassarius (Aeieulina) subeonstrietus, Finella virgata, Aneistrosyllis eonstrieta, Synidotea variegata, Heteromastus similis, Didontoglossa estriata and Clementia vatheleti. Species diversity (Shannon-Weiner function) showed a wide variation with values ranging from a minimum of 0.02 to 2.08 bits. Comparatively high values were observed in southern sector and outer channel, and low values in Jiuy common +++, common ++1 Jess. common + central and northern sectors Source: Modilled /rom Adblkary and Sabu, 1992,. Sabu and AdblkaIy, 1999. (Respond Proj ect, 1998). Studies carabid beetles, moths, wasps and bees, dipteran insects, neuropteran insects, dragonflies, damselflies, heteromera and termites. A recent survey has recorded mosquitoes belonging to 22 species and 5 genera viz. Anopheles, Aedes, Armageres, Culex, and Mansonia (Dash et al., 1988). Of the five species of Mysidaceae now known from brackish waters in India, four species namely, Rhopalophthalmus egrgius, Macropsis orientalis, Potamomysis assimilis and Gastro mutieus were found in Chilika (Patnaik, 1988). Central sector of the lagoon harbours maximum percentage of mysids as compared to other sectors of the lagoon. Mysid is considered as one of the important food items for prawns and many brackish water fishes. Mysids, therefore, constitute the raw materials for preparation of feed for larval feeding in the prawn hatcheries. A total of 136 species under 66 families were reported from the Chilika. This number includes 7 species of lanl! mollusks and 13 species of fresh water mollusks. The rest of species are either marine or brackish water / estuarine. Oyster (e.g. Ostrea talpur, Area spp., Meretix spp.) occurs in small patches. carried out on the meiobenthos of soft sediments of Rambha Bay during 1978-80 revealed the relative abundance, density, composition and seasonal fluctuation of sedimentary meiofauna (Rao, 1987). The systematic study revealed as many as 14. meiofaunal taxa and 117 species in Chilika lagoon. The density of meiofauna ranged between 1128and 1583/10cm' and the biomass ranged between 7.72 and 10.53 mg/l0cm' in the Rambha Bay. Brachyuran crabs from Chilika include 28 species distributed under 22 genera and 9 families (ZSI, 1995). The survey conducted by ZSI (1995), furthermore, revealed the presence of 13 species of prawn and shrimps belonging to 8 genera and 5 families; and 8 species of hermit crab belonging to 3 genera and 2 families. According to a recent estimation released to the media from the CDAas many as 15 species belonging to 11 genera under 5 families of prawn have been vanished from Chilika during the last six decades. Furthermore, 4 species of prawn and 5 species of crab recorded during the last four years have been claimed to be new (Times of India, New Delhi, Eastern India Special, 09/12/2001,page 5).
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, \ Bioresources Status in Select C
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Preface Foreword Introduction Biore
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'ST. (~) ~ wrf Dr. (Mrs.) Manju Sha
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Preparation of status report and de
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Gulf of Kachchh II. Description of
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 5 : Natural w
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Gulf of Kachchh marine life. Out of
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Gulf of Kachchh same coast Spongomo
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Gulf of Kachchh Kachchh. Ninety-one
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Gulf of Kachchh involved in the res
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Gulf of Kachchh Parastromateus nige
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 14. Fishing c
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 16 : Cropping
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Gulf of Kachc Table Year 1897 1909
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Gulf of Kachchh VII. Conservation A
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Gulf of Kachchh their life cycle. S
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Gulf of Kachchh Eswaran, C.R, KR. N
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Gulf of Kachchh ABBREVATIONS FSI Fo
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Name of the island Majnr habitat Im
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I Name of the island (GPS Location)
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Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Loc
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name loc
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• Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name
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Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
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Gulf of Kachchh VI. Checklist of mo
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Gullo! Kach.chh Species Name Common
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Gulf of Kachchh Species Name 1 (New
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Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
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Gulf of Kachchh IX. Checklist of th
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name 1 P
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Com
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Gulf of Kachchh Category 1 REPTILES
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.' Avicennia marina dense patch t._
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I. Introduction Malvan Bio-resource
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I""F--r'--' -~------i, ~:::~::, "
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Sr.No. Variety 95-96 15. Ribbon fis
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A MAP- 6 Principal crops of Ratnagl
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threat of low fish production, 'low
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S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
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S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
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S.No. + Preset and - Absent Name of
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S.No. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
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Alphonso mangos Cashew fruit flower
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Vermicompost project demonstration
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Vembanad Lake The Vembanad Lake is
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Vembanad Lake b. Kumarakom (9°37'
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Vembanad Lake gymnocephalus, Gerres
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Vembanad Lake cyprinoides (Grey). A
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Vembanad Lake Estimates of live cla
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Vembanad Lake exploited from Vemban
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Vembanad Lake currents in these are
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Vembanad Lake Some of plant like Ce
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Vembanad Lake agrochemicals, sewage
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Vembanad Lake Kurup, B.M., M.J. Seb
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. Lakshadweep Islands I. Introducti
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Lakshadweep Islands iii. The Natura
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Lakshadweep Islands c. The Ocean Th
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Lakshadweep Islands 70000 soooo 500
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Lakshadweep Islands and, Scaveola k
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Lakshadweep Islands islands to impr
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Lakshadweep Islands take during the
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Lakshadweep Islands and thereafter
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Lakshadweep Islands 1. Pre-baiting
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Lakshadweep Islands increases the w
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Lakshadweep Islands Table 5 - Manag
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Lakshadweep Islands Acknowledgemen
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 2 Some
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 3 - Li
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Lakshadweep Islands I S.No. Name of
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 5 Sign
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Lakshadweep Islands 3. THE LAKSHADW
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L ak shad we e pis I and s 4. Vol.
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Lakshadweep Islands This would redu
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I!i ~ ~ - •• /II'f;~ If:~" "',.
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Pulicat Lake I. Introduction Pulica
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Pulicat Lake Figure 2 : River syste
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Pullcat Lake respect to certain con
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Pulicat Lake Figure 5. Annual Incom
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Pulicat Lake about 40 to 50 painted
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Pulicat Lake V. Bioresource Profile
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Pulicat Lake 1285 to 24768 in the f
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Pulicat Lake seeding procedures and
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Pulicat Lake and lagoons. which for
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Pulicat Lake SINo. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6
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Pulicat Lake REFERENCES Anantharama
Page 180 and 181: Pullea! Lake SI No. Name of the Vil
Page 182 and 183: Pulicat Lake SI Primary High Hr. Se
Page 184 and 185: Pulicat Lake SINo. SCIENTIFIC NAME
Page 186 and 187: Pulicat Lake SINo. COMMON NAME SCIE
Page 188 and 189: Pulicat Lake ANNEXURE -v Fishing Gr
Page 190 and 191: ~ ~ 29 Thirumalainagar 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 192 and 193: Pulicat Lake 42 Mugathuvarakuppam 3
Page 194 and 195: Light house village with traditiona
Page 196 and 197: I. Introduction Bhitarkanika In 199
Page 198 and 199: the absence of Nypa fruitcans (loca
Page 200 and 201: -- 2olf1 1981 1961 1941 1921 1901 D
Page 202 and 203: has indicated that macro and meio-f
Page 204 and 205: • Tantiapal fish landing center :
Page 206 and 207: to see whether the solar cookers we
Page 208 and 209: The ploughs and other implements ar
Page 210 and 211: the rice straw is exhausted. A few
Page 212 and 213: generate information that will help
Page 214 and 215: Kenneally, KF. (1982). Ma11{}roveof
Page 217 and 218: Bhitarkanika No. CommonName Zoologi
Page 219 and 220: Bhilarkanika Fish No. CommonName No
Page 222 and 223: 1. Introduction Chilika Lake Chilik
Page 224 and 225: ii. Climate The state of Orissa is
Page 226 and 227: The central sector is moderately de
Page 228 and 229: asis of available data from an earl
Page 232 and 233: A total number of 217 species of fi
Page 234 and 235: lake from the sea. The two openings
Page 236 and 237: Workshop/Seminar conference Table6:
Page 238 and 239: agricultural fields for the purpose
Page 240 and 241: from Chilika lake has fallen from 4
Page 242 and 243: in September, 2000. The old mouth a
Page 244 and 245: culture" of fish/shrimp that not on
Page 246 and 247: tourism around the world and guidel
Page 249: ...::.-:.~--: .•.:...~ ~~ _.~--:.
Page 253 and 254: Malvan tahsil located along west co
Page 255 and 256: The Lakshadweep Islands are the onl
Page 257 and 258: Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary is
Page 259 and 260: 3rfU~TTfmJ~ Executive Summary in Hi
Page 261 and 262: 15 ~ ~ 11~ 'W 4& ~ ~ ~ IL~ 'l&t ~ ~
Page 263 and 264: ~U~!~~ii ~fiHIB ~u;~t ~1~U1Hh~i 1¥
Page 265 and 266: L 1 ~ 1~'* - -- :; -: ~.~ . df ~ 'i
Page 267: i,,;r; ~i~~i~'I~i4&~i til 1& ~ -,,:
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