06-bioresourcesstatu.. - M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation

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to see whether the solar cookers were efficient in reducing dependence on mangrove wood as a fuel. Nearly all mangrove species are used in making either houses or farming implements. All parts of the Phoenix tree is used in house building. It is one of the most extracted timber resource. Since better quality timber (Heretiera spp.) is found in the core zone, its extraction is restricted. Another freely used timber source is the Casurina plantations along the Gahirmatha beach. Under the Ecodevelopment plan of the Sanctuary Authority, there are provisions to undertake avenue plantations. These plantations will cater to the fuel and timber needs of the local population. c. Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP) : The Center For Minor Forest produce has proposed a classification of NTFP with 26 categories in two broad groups, (Shiva and Mathur 1997). The two broad groups are Group 1 Commodities: NTFP of plant, animal and mineral origin Group 2 : Services : Tourism, recreation and wildlife watching etc. A separate study is needed to understand the . resources under each head. At present the information is available on two NTFPs, honey and a grass used to make baskets. • Honey: The local name for honey is 'Mahu'. There are a group of 35 adivasi households called 'Dalai' living in Dangmal village .. • Agriculture labour • Honey collection D No employment 187 Table 13:HoneyandbeeswaxcoUected Year Honey (qUs) 1996 45.0 1997 41.8 1998 19.9 1999 14.4 2000 8.63 2001 Source: Division Forest Office, Rajnagar, 2001 They have been collecting honey for generations. Only men above the age of 15 years from the community go for honey collection. They do not depend totally on honey collection for their livelihood They also work as servants in other houses, as agricultural labourers, on fishing launches and any work that is available in the Forest Department, plantations, etc. The women of this community do not go for honey collection. The honey is collected mainly in the summer season from March to May. Since the area has been declared a sanctuary from 1975 onwards, they have to sell honey to the Forest Department. When sold to the department they earn Rs. 25/- per kg. They go in a group of 7-10 people (Chadha and Kar 1999) and later distribute the profit amongst themselves. Good quality honey is collected mainly in the flowering season of 'Khorsi' (Aegiceras corniculatum), and of 'Garani' (Ceriops decandra), • Basket and Mat making: Every household makes baskets, mats, hand fans, and various other items of the leaves and bark of mangrove trees. The bark fibers of 'Bahumurga' (Flagellaria indica), is used for rope making. The leaves of 'Hental' (Phoenix paludosa) are used for mat making. Harijan communities from the sanctuary area make mats and baskets out of 'Naalia grass' (Myriostachya wightiana). They collect 20 kg of Naalia grass which is enough to make four baskets, every 7 days. The price of the baskets vary from Rs. 4/- to Rs. 40/- according to the size. The Forest Department issues forest passes for this resource harvest. They face danger of being attacked by crocodiles when they go for collecting Naalia grass . d. Bioactive medicinal plants Bhitarkanika Bee wax (kg) 95.75 126.0 52.3 47.15 34.00 88.00 There are many articles in which the medicinal value of mangroves is described. The local communities do use the local plants for home remedies, but an in depth understanding of their
Bhitarkanika level of dependence and rate of extraction of medicinal plants from the mangroves and . associated areas is not available at the moment. A study on this could be initiated. At present a study on anti microbial and bio-pesticide properties of a few mangrove species are under study at MSSRF. e. Potential genetic resources: The presence of the highest number of mangrove species makes this site a genetic resources paradise. This has been emphasized by many workers (<strong>Swaminathan</strong> et al 1994 and Rao et. al. 2001). There are studies undertaken to understand the relationship between species (Lata and Balakrishna, 2000) and to understand the working of salt tolerance in a few mangrove and associate species, such as Portersia coarctata. "Salt Gene" splicing and incorporating these into other plants to check for salt tolerance are under trials (Parani 1999). There are a few reports on the occurrence of Horseshoe crab /King Crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and Tachypleus gigas) in the coastal waters of this area. f. Microbes: On the use of microbes as a resource by local people or by communities far away there is no information. g, Ornamentals: The site is a protected area and trade of any plant or animal is prohibited. Yet there are some incidents of trade in animals, reported by the local forest officers. There are no ornamental fish, orchids, ferns etc that are used by the local people as a resource. ii. Domesticated Bio- resources a. Crops: The people have done cultivation after cleaning the mangrove forest. Though this area has fertile soil, there is saline water entry into the fields during the dry period. Since 1972 the Irrigation Department, Government of Orissa has helped in building saline embankments, so that the salt water is stopped from entering the fields and also to protect the village and fields during cyclones. The cyclones destroyed more of land before 1972, when the embankments were made, even now the embankments get breached in many places during 188 high velocity cyclones. Rice is the main cereal crop grown in this area. The other cereals are wheat, maize and ragi. Pusle crops are arhar, moong, biri. Oilseeds that are cultivated in the Rajanagar block are groundnut, til, castor, linseed, mustard and sunflower. The vegetables crops of the area are potato, sweet potato, onion, brinjal and spices are chilly, garlic, ginger and coriander. Rice is grown mainly during the monsoon season, few people living near the river banks grow salt resistant varieties of rice, in areas where the salt water enters the fields during the dry season. The local names for the salt resistant variety of rice are, 'Balunki' and 'Chakrakanda'. Table14:CalendarofAgriculturalActivitiesforPaddy Cultivation Monlh Ploughing Sowing Transplanting Harvesting ... March April May ... ... June ... July ... ... Aug ... ... Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb ... **.* ... A calendar of the agricultural activities is shown in the above table. The practices described here are common to both Oriya and Bengali cultivators. More information on the processes of transplanting, weeding, harvesting and post harvest activities with gender differentiated information is available in Suryanarayanan and Kanvinde (1997). Table15:MangroveandNon-mangrove specles used fora plough Part Mangrove species Non mangrove SJlecies Glrtllclass Juali Xylocarpus gnmatum(sisumara) Thespesia paputnea 40.60cm (habbai) Xylocarpus mo/uccensis Unidentified(Kanlo) (pi_n) Esa Heritiera fomes (Sundari) 25.40cm Il>ntiera Iittaralis(Bada Sundan) Khusal Miroo,apa haxandra (khiro) Kanthi Acacia nilotica (babool) Acacia auriculiformis (Akashi) 30.40cm langalo llirlliera fame, (Sundan) Il>rlliera Iittorali,(Bada Sundan) 30.40cm. Source: Suryanarayanso BDd Kanvlnde 1997
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, \ Bioresources Status in Select C
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Preface Foreword Introduction Biore
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'ST. (~) ~ wrf Dr. (Mrs.) Manju Sha
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Preparation of status report and de
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Gulf of Kachchh II. Description of
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 5 : Natural w
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Gulf of Kachchh marine life. Out of
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Gulf of Kachchh same coast Spongomo
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Gulf of Kachchh Kachchh. Ninety-one
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Gulf of Kachchh involved in the res
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Gulf of Kachchh Parastromateus nige
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 14. Fishing c
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 16 : Cropping
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Gulf of Kachc Table Year 1897 1909
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Gulf of Kachchh VII. Conservation A
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Gulf of Kachchh their life cycle. S
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Gulf of Kachchh Eswaran, C.R, KR. N
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Gulf of Kachchh ABBREVATIONS FSI Fo
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Name of the island Majnr habitat Im
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I Name of the island (GPS Location)
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Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Loc
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name loc
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• Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name
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Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
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Gulf of Kachchh VI. Checklist of mo
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Gullo! Kach.chh Species Name Common
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Gulf of Kachchh Species Name 1 (New
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Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
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Gulf of Kachchh IX. Checklist of th
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name 1 P
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Com
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Gulf of Kachchh Category 1 REPTILES
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.' Avicennia marina dense patch t._
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I. Introduction Malvan Bio-resource
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I""F--r'--' -~------i, ~:::~::, "
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Sr.No. Variety 95-96 15. Ribbon fis
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A MAP- 6 Principal crops of Ratnagl
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threat of low fish production, 'low
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S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
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S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
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S.No. + Preset and - Absent Name of
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S.No. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
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Alphonso mangos Cashew fruit flower
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Vermicompost project demonstration
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Vembanad Lake The Vembanad Lake is
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Vembanad Lake b. Kumarakom (9°37'
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Vembanad Lake gymnocephalus, Gerres
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Vembanad Lake cyprinoides (Grey). A
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Vembanad Lake Estimates of live cla
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Vembanad Lake exploited from Vemban
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Vembanad Lake currents in these are
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Vembanad Lake Some of plant like Ce
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Vembanad Lake agrochemicals, sewage
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Vembanad Lake Kurup, B.M., M.J. Seb
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. Lakshadweep Islands I. Introducti
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Lakshadweep Islands iii. The Natura
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Lakshadweep Islands c. The Ocean Th
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Lakshadweep Islands 70000 soooo 500
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Lakshadweep Islands and, Scaveola k
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Lakshadweep Islands islands to impr
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Lakshadweep Islands take during the
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Lakshadweep Islands and thereafter
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Lakshadweep Islands 1. Pre-baiting
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Lakshadweep Islands increases the w
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Lakshadweep Islands Table 5 - Manag
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Lakshadweep Islands Acknowledgemen
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 2 Some
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 3 - Li
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Lakshadweep Islands I S.No. Name of
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 5 Sign
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Lakshadweep Islands 3. THE LAKSHADW
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L ak shad we e pis I and s 4. Vol.
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Lakshadweep Islands This would redu
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Page 158 and 159: Pulicat Lake I. Introduction Pulica
Page 160 and 161: Pulicat Lake Figure 2 : River syste
Page 162 and 163: Pullcat Lake respect to certain con
Page 164 and 165: Pulicat Lake Figure 5. Annual Incom
Page 166 and 167: Pulicat Lake about 40 to 50 painted
Page 168 and 169: Pulicat Lake V. Bioresource Profile
Page 170 and 171: Pulicat Lake 1285 to 24768 in the f
Page 172 and 173: Pulicat Lake seeding procedures and
Page 174 and 175: Pulicat Lake and lagoons. which for
Page 176 and 177: Pulicat Lake SINo. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6
Page 178 and 179: Pulicat Lake REFERENCES Anantharama
Page 180 and 181: Pullea! Lake SI No. Name of the Vil
Page 182 and 183: Pulicat Lake SI Primary High Hr. Se
Page 184 and 185: Pulicat Lake SINo. SCIENTIFIC NAME
Page 186 and 187: Pulicat Lake SINo. COMMON NAME SCIE
Page 188 and 189: Pulicat Lake ANNEXURE -v Fishing Gr
Page 190 and 191: ~ ~ 29 Thirumalainagar 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 192 and 193: Pulicat Lake 42 Mugathuvarakuppam 3
Page 194 and 195: Light house village with traditiona
Page 196 and 197: I. Introduction Bhitarkanika In 199
Page 198 and 199: the absence of Nypa fruitcans (loca
Page 200 and 201: -- 2olf1 1981 1961 1941 1921 1901 D
Page 202 and 203: has indicated that macro and meio-f
Page 204 and 205: • Tantiapal fish landing center :
Page 208 and 209: The ploughs and other implements ar
Page 210 and 211: the rice straw is exhausted. A few
Page 212 and 213: generate information that will help
Page 214 and 215: Kenneally, KF. (1982). Ma11{}roveof
Page 217 and 218: Bhitarkanika No. CommonName Zoologi
Page 219 and 220: Bhilarkanika Fish No. CommonName No
Page 222 and 223: 1. Introduction Chilika Lake Chilik
Page 224 and 225: ii. Climate The state of Orissa is
Page 226 and 227: The central sector is moderately de
Page 228 and 229: asis of available data from an earl
Page 230 and 231: Table3:Distributionofmajorvasrularh
Page 232 and 233: A total number of 217 species of fi
Page 234 and 235: lake from the sea. The two openings
Page 236 and 237: Workshop/Seminar conference Table6:
Page 238 and 239: agricultural fields for the purpose
Page 240 and 241: from Chilika lake has fallen from 4
Page 242 and 243: in September, 2000. The old mouth a
Page 244 and 245: culture" of fish/shrimp that not on
Page 246 and 247: tourism around the world and guidel
Page 249: ...::.-:.~--: .•.:...~ ~~ _.~--:.
Page 253 and 254: Malvan tahsil located along west co
Page 255 and 256: The Lakshadweep Islands are the onl
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Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary is
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3rfU~TTfmJ~ Executive Summary in Hi
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06-bioresourcesstatu.. - M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation

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