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Gulf of Kachchh same coast Spongomorpha indica has been reported for the first time by Thivy & Visalakhmi (1963b). The elegant looking Caulerpa verticillata has been recorded from Okha reef by Thivy & Visalakhmi (1963a). Thivy & Sreenivasa Rao (1963) reported the occurrence of Polysiphonia gopnathensis from the reef at Gopnath. Chondria armata has been reported from Port Okha from the lower mid-littoral levels of Adatra by Thivy & Sreenivasa Rao (1963). A detailed description of the different species of Ulva has been given by Krishamurthy & Joshi (1968). The species of Enteromorpha from India, many of which one existed in the Gulf of Kachchh, have been described in detail by Joshi and Krishnamurthy (1972). An analysis of the seaweed drift on the Saurashtra coast and its constituents , have been given by Krishnamurthy (1967). A survey of the alginate producing seaweeds from Adatra reef (Okha) has been done by Sreenivasa Rao et al. (1964). Murthy et al. (1987) made an ecological study on the intertidal algae at Okha wherein they have described the fluctuations in mean monthly biomass and the environmental factors. According to them Sargassum is the only genus which was present in the sampling units throughout the year. Further, they observed that the contribution of Chlorophyceae to the total biomass was less as compared to that by Phaeophyceae or Rhodophyceae. There exists a definite contrast between the two coasts of the Gulf as regards species diversity and biomass, with luxuriant growth on the southern shores. The inter-tidal expanse varies from 1-5 kID with gradual slope and mostly coralline substratum on the south, very conducive for algal growth. The MNP area houses 89 species. Species recorded from a few island were 79 from Bet Dwarka, 43 from Kalubhar and 40 from Pirotan. Red algal species (Rhodophycease) dominated with 39 species, followed by 25 green algae (Chlorophyceae), 21 brown (Phaeophyceae) and only 3 blue-green (Cynophyceae)(Sen Gupta et al., 1999). The northern shore of the Gulf, on the other hand, has very poor algal biodiversity. The substratum being sandy/muddy it does not support algal growth. Only Enteromorpha (Chlorophyceae) and some blue-green algae were found in the mangrove region of Mundra. 8 The supra-littoral zone of the southern shores was dominated by Ulva sp. Other common algae in this region were green algae Ernodesmis, Struvea and Microdictyon and non-articulated coralline algae-Melobasia(red algae): Brown algae Padina, Dictyota, Colopomenia, Iyengaria dominated the mid-littoral zone. Red algae Kjellimania, Halymenia, Griffisthsia, etc. were dominant in the lower mid-littoral and sub-tidal zones. Subtidal region (below 5 meter water depth) was dominated by Sargassum, Turbinaria and Kjellimania (Sen Gupta et al., 1999). c. Sea grass : Seagrass species exist in the subtidal regions of a few islands. Two Halophila species exist off Kalubhar and H. ovalis and Thalassia can be found off Pirotan. Rich sea grass beds off Kalubhar islands indicate high prospects of the presence of the rare and endangered species Dugong dugon, the sea cow. d. Mangroves : The area under mangrove cover along the Gujarat coast is the second largest in India, next to the Sunderbans. Of the 1031 km' for State, the Gulf of Kachchh region with 994 km' mangrove cover forms 96% of the total. Majority of this mangrove cover belongs to the Kachchh district, encompassing an area of 854 kID' (86% of Gulf) of which over 800 kID'borders the Kori creek (Forest Statistics, 1998). The coast of Jamnagar and Rajkot district cover an area of 141 kID' (14%). The notified mangrove forest ,area is 1324.4 km' for Kachchh, Jamnagar and Rajkot district together. Although this region has the maximum mangrove cover in the State, it displays the low diversity with only one dominating species Avicennia marina (Cher) along with mangrove associated species, like Salvadora per sica, Salicornia brachaiata, Sueda sp. and Alueropus grass (Chavan, 1985). On the other hand, Jamnagar region houses 7 species, e.g. A. marina, A.officinalis, A.alba, Rhizopora mucronata, Ceriops tagal and Aegiceras comuculatum (Singh, 2000, GEER <strong>Foundation</strong> 2002. These mangroves were having the associate halophytes as above, (Singh, 2000). Due to high salinity, grazing and cutting pressure on the Kachchh mangroves, they have stunted growth (1-2 m tall). However, trees in some untouched patches gain a height of 4-5 m on Pirotan island and 5-10 m in Kori Creek with fairly
good girth of the trunk (Singh, 2000). Very often salt encrustation on the ground level hampers the growth of plant and tunes the land denuded and unproductive (Naskar & Mandal, 1999). The best conserved mangroves of Gujarat are those which lie along the Kori creek, this is because they are located in sparsely populated area near the international border wtth Pakistan and have relatively difficult accessibility. Mangroves have been the subjects of several researches in the past. Lakshmanan et al. (1983) has described the economic significance of mangroves as medicinal plants. They have provided a comprehensive list of mangrove species, with medicinal value of the different parts. Lakshamanan et al. (1983) have stressed the economical and ecological importance of mangroves and provided gnidelines for the conservation practices by which mangroves can be effectively utilized as renewable resources. Khachar (1996) prescribed afforestation of mangroves as a remedy for the indiscriminate felling of the mangroves on the coast and adjacent islands of the gulf. Thereafter, Singh (1994) extensively surveyed mangroves in the Gulf of Kachchh. Singh (2000) presents the qualitative and quantitative data on mangroves. ii. Fauna The first attempt to record the fauna of the Okhamandal region, in a systematic and scientific way, was done by James Hornell when he was commissioned to do so by Shri. Sayajirao Gaekwad of Baroda. Hornell submitted a comprehensive report of the general survey of the coastal fauna to the erstwhile Government of Baroda (Hornell, 1909; 1916). Another attempt to survey intertidal fauna of certain parts of the Gulf of Kachchh was made by Gideon et al. (1954). These authors have given a comprehensive ecological and taxonomic account of the different animal groups. Pillai et al (1979) have given a preliminary generalized account of the flora and fauna of the major coastal ecosystems in Gulf of Kachchh based on a reconnaissance survey, they have also briefly described the prevailing physical features and the visible ecological impact of human interference on the ecosystem.- a. Zooplankton : The Gulf of Kachchh is moderately rich in zooplankton with frequent occurrences of high standing stock of organisms. The distribution pattern was comparable to that of phytoplankton 9 Gulf of Kachchh pigments. The inner Gulf sustained a higher rate of zooplankton production. The composition was fairly diverse and consisted mainly of cope pods and decapods. The other major groups were Chaetognaths, Siphonophores, Medusae, Amphipods, Polychaetes and fish -eggs. Contribution of decapods was more in the inner Gulf with decrease in diversity. The rich crustacean fauna, particularly the high population of Streptocephalus, provided a congenial feeding ground for prawns and fishes (Desai, 1997). During the lCMAM observations in 1998-99, 15 zooplankton forms were recorded from 4 stations. The population density varied widely between the stations, from 340 to 1766 organisms m-'. The minimum was recorded at Pirotan and the maximum was off Kandla. Fish eggs were the dominant group everywhere (GEC, 1999). Earlier records indicated Copepods as the dominant group and Paracalanus as the most abundant species, which were later confirmed during COMAPS data collection. In the ICMAMstudies, as well, copepods were the dominant group represented by 6 species in which Paracalanus sp. was the dominant one followed by Centropages sp. different larval stages of benthic crustaceans, such as, zoea, nauplii and mysis were abundant at all the stations. In the chaetognatha group, Sagitta sp. showed site specificity occurring only near Pirotan. Veliger larvae of gastropods and- trocophora larvae of polychaetes appeared in considerable numbers, may be due to the spawning period for molluscs and polychaetes. b. Marine invertebrates (Benthos) : On the low-energy margin of the Gulf of Kachchh, especially on the southern side, wide tidal flats with patches of corals in the inter-tidal zone are present. Th~ remainder of the Gulf consists of silt and clay with patches of fine sand. Silt-size materials are found at the mouth, fine silt and medium silt occur at the southern side of the Gulf at its head. The percentage of organic matter varied between 1.9 and 2.4 percent. Over a period of ten years from 1985 to 1994, an improvement in various parameters such as biomass, population and group diversity was observed. Considerable information is available on the economically important animal species. Hornell (1951) prepared a monographic work on the Indian molluscs, which lists the molluscs of Gulf of
Page 2 and 3: , \ Bioresources Status in Select C
Page 4 and 5: Preface Foreword Introduction Biore
Page 6 and 7: 'ST. (~) ~ wrf Dr. (Mrs.) Manju Sha
Page 8 and 9: Preparation of status report and de
Page 10 and 11: Gulf of Kachchh II. Description of
Page 12 and 13: Gulf of Kachchh Table 5 : Natural w
Page 14 and 15: Gulf of Kachchh marine life. Out of
Page 18 and 19: Gulf of Kachchh Kachchh. Ninety-one
Page 20 and 21: Gulf of Kachchh involved in the res
Page 22 and 23: Gulf of Kachchh Parastromateus nige
Page 24 and 25: Gulf of Kachchh Table 14. Fishing c
Page 26 and 27: Gulf of Kachchh Table 16 : Cropping
Page 28 and 29: Gulf of Kachc Table Year 1897 1909
Page 30 and 31: Gulf of Kachchh VII. Conservation A
Page 32 and 33: Gulf of Kachchh their life cycle. S
Page 34 and 35: Gulf of Kachchh Eswaran, C.R, KR. N
Page 36 and 37: Gulf of Kachchh ABBREVATIONS FSI Fo
Page 38 and 39: Name of the island Majnr habitat Im
Page 40 and 41: I Name of the island (GPS Location)
Page 42 and 43: Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
Page 44 and 45: Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Loc
Page 46 and 47: Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name loc
Page 48 and 49: • Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name
Page 50 and 51: Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
Page 52 and 53: Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
Page 54 and 55: Gulf of Kachchh VI. Checklist of mo
Page 56 and 57: Gullo! Kach.chh Species Name Common
Page 58 and 59: Gulf of Kachchh Species Name 1 (New
Page 60 and 61: Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
Page 62 and 63: Gulf of Kachchh IX. Checklist of th
Page 64 and 65: Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name 1 P
Page 66 and 67:
Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Com
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Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
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Gulf of Kachchh Category 1 REPTILES
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.' Avicennia marina dense patch t._
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I. Introduction Malvan Bio-resource
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- ---------------------------------
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I""F--r'--' -~------i, ~:::~::, "
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Sr.No. Variety 95-96 15. Ribbon fis
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A MAP- 6 Principal crops of Ratnagl
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threat of low fish production, 'low
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S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
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S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
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S.No. + Preset and - Absent Name of
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S.No. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
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Alphonso mangos Cashew fruit flower
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Vermicompost project demonstration
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Vembanad Lake The Vembanad Lake is
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Vembanad Lake b. Kumarakom (9°37'
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Vembanad Lake gymnocephalus, Gerres
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Vembanad Lake cyprinoides (Grey). A
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Vembanad Lake Estimates of live cla
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Vembanad Lake exploited from Vemban
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Vembanad Lake currents in these are
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Vembanad Lake Some of plant like Ce
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Vembanad Lake agrochemicals, sewage
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Vembanad Lake Kurup, B.M., M.J. Seb
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. Lakshadweep Islands I. Introducti
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Lakshadweep Islands iii. The Natura
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Lakshadweep Islands c. The Ocean Th
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Lakshadweep Islands 70000 soooo 500
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Lakshadweep Islands and, Scaveola k
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Lakshadweep Islands islands to impr
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Lakshadweep Islands take during the
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Lakshadweep Islands and thereafter
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Lakshadweep Islands 1. Pre-baiting
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Lakshadweep Islands increases the w
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Lakshadweep Islands Table 5 - Manag
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Lakshadweep Islands Acknowledgemen
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 2 Some
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 3 - Li
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Lakshadweep Islands I S.No. Name of
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 5 Sign
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Lakshadweep Islands 3. THE LAKSHADW
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L ak shad we e pis I and s 4. Vol.
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Lakshadweep Islands This would redu
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I!i ~ ~ - •• /II'f;~ If:~" "',.
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Pulicat Lake I. Introduction Pulica
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Pulicat Lake Figure 2 : River syste
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Pullcat Lake respect to certain con
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Pulicat Lake Figure 5. Annual Incom
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Pulicat Lake about 40 to 50 painted
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Pulicat Lake V. Bioresource Profile
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Pulicat Lake 1285 to 24768 in the f
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Pulicat Lake seeding procedures and
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Pulicat Lake and lagoons. which for
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Pulicat Lake SINo. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6
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Pulicat Lake REFERENCES Anantharama
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Pullea! Lake SI No. Name of the Vil
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Pulicat Lake SI Primary High Hr. Se
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Pulicat Lake SINo. SCIENTIFIC NAME
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Pulicat Lake SINo. COMMON NAME SCIE
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Pulicat Lake ANNEXURE -v Fishing Gr
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~ ~ 29 Thirumalainagar 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Pulicat Lake 42 Mugathuvarakuppam 3
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Light house village with traditiona
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I. Introduction Bhitarkanika In 199
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the absence of Nypa fruitcans (loca
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-- 2olf1 1981 1961 1941 1921 1901 D
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has indicated that macro and meio-f
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• Tantiapal fish landing center :
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to see whether the solar cookers we
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The ploughs and other implements ar
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the rice straw is exhausted. A few
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generate information that will help
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Kenneally, KF. (1982). Ma11{}roveof
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Bhitarkanika No. CommonName Zoologi
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Bhilarkanika Fish No. CommonName No
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1. Introduction Chilika Lake Chilik
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ii. Climate The state of Orissa is
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The central sector is moderately de
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asis of available data from an earl
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Table3:Distributionofmajorvasrularh
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A total number of 217 species of fi
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lake from the sea. The two openings
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Workshop/Seminar conference Table6:
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agricultural fields for the purpose
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from Chilika lake has fallen from 4
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in September, 2000. The old mouth a
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culture" of fish/shrimp that not on
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tourism around the world and guidel
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...::.-:.~--: .•.:...~ ~~ _.~--:.
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Malvan tahsil located along west co
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The Lakshadweep Islands are the onl
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Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary is
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3rfU~TTfmJ~ Executive Summary in Hi
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15 ~ ~ 11~ 'W 4& ~ ~ ~ IL~ 'l&t ~ ~
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~U~!~~ii ~fiHIB ~u;~t ~1~U1Hh~i 1¥
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L 1 ~ 1~'* - -- :; -: ~.~ . df ~ 'i
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i,,;r; ~i~~i~'I~i4&~i til 1& ~ -,,:
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