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Lakshadweep Islands Table 5 - Management Action in the five-year plans Coral ReefCon.)lervalion in 5 Year Plans Remarks 1956- 1979 Emphasis on Social and Community development Focused on Every plan had a budget for 5 year plans and encouraging people to take up fisheries as a profession blasting rocks annual plans in Northern Islands. 1980-85 Under the sector Fisheries, Scheme No 15Plan to declare Not implemented since Suheli is an Suheli Par as a Marine National Park important fishing ground for the islanders. 1986-90 Sector Tourism: while tourism has been a component in Ban on blasting reef for harbour previous Vyear plans. For the first time the plan activities. documents refer to Lakshadweep as a Paradise for swimmers and deep sea divers. Four schemes were floated. All implemented Scheme 1- Construction of huts Scheme 2-tourist Information Centres Scheme 3-Boat Cruising in Lagoon and speed boat Scheme 6-Air strip in Agatti VIII 1991-96 Stress on off shore Fisheries and tourism Implemented XI 1997-2002 Included Environment Impact Assessment for all the EA not effective, departmental activities, Stress on Tourism development Annual plan Building jetties for embarkation/disembarkation on the Already started. 2001-2002 eastern side of the island during the monsoon after EIA 7. Scheme NO.8 providing harbour facilities in all the islands by widening channels and extending and widening jetties should be dropped and no dredging work be done in the lagoon as this increases sedimentation which will ultimately effect the health of the corals The Department of Science, Technology and Environment also conducts periodic awareness programs and has proposed establishment of a Marine National Park and National and World environmental Heritage status for some of the chosen islands of the UT of Lakshadweep. Building MateriaJBoard. The islands do not have any indigenous building material corals have been used traditionally as building material, which has caused a grave destruction of corals. The mining of the corals has now been stopped and a House Building Material Board has been constituted to provide building material at economic cost to the islanders. Action initiated to ban plastic / polytbene materlaJs : A draft notification has already been published inviting suggestions from public. Pbased reduction of cbemical fertilizers: Promotion of !lio fertilizers from coir pith, recycling of biological waste. Integrated Coastal Zone Management Action Plan. The plan has already been formulated and is being vigorously implemented. 124 iii. Other Environment Actions a) Rain water community harvesting - individual and , b) Optimum tapping of solar energy c) Awareness creation through'"'I'V; AIR regular shramadhans, NGO's. d) Sustainable development policy in Agriculture, Fisheries, Shipping, Urban development etc. e) Creation of Scientific Data Bank • Remote Sensing of Reef, GIS or ReM Monitoring in collaboration with other scientific institutions • Biological Productivity of Lakshadweep Reefs • Biomedical potential of Lakshadweep Reefs • Inorganic wealth of Lakshadweep Reefs • Restoration of damaged reefs • <strong>Research</strong> and Development Activities. Laksbadweep coral Reef Monitoring Network An initiative to monitor the health and socioeconomic impacts on coral Reefs has been started in 2000. They propose to monitor the degradation of corals both inside and outside he reef by regular diving and to employ protective measures to prepare a master plan for the conservation of corals.
Environmental wardens and Wildlife wardens have been appointed in each of the inhabited islands. They have been given scuba diving training. Their duty is to see that no coral shingle collection takes place and the islanders do not fish endangered marine animals. In 1999 one chief conservator of forests has been allotted a post in the Administration of Lakshadweep to develop a management plan for the coral reefs of Lakshadweep. Tourism. With regard to tourism the following statement has been made "the negative impact of tourism, generation of sewage, waste, increased consumption of water and change in landscape etc. An extremely low volume, high value added very specialized tourism therefore would be appropriate to make tourism environmentally sustainable." A regular system to educate tourists of prohibitions under CZMP and environmental laws regarding corals may be introduced (Srivastava, et al. 1997). VIII. Future Prospects Clearly the Lakshadweep Administration is very concerned with environmental protection. More laws and recommendations have been passed in Lakshadweep than almost anywhere else and it would seem as if they have all the pollution causing threats under control. The reality is something quite different. Every kind of reef and fish collection goes on despite the ban and notification. The Islanders appear to be sick and tired of bans. They feel alienated from the very resources that they have used Jrom time immemorial. They are quick to seize any opportunity to disregard the bans since implementation is non-existent and at the best very weak. There is one environment warden for each. island who is in charge of issuing license to allow a limited .quantity of shingle collection. He has the additional powers to issue notices and fine offenders. Field observations show that it is impossible for this single environment warden to work effectively and hence they turn a blind eye to the collections or report them as old collections. As a result no one is convinced about the value of the bans and tend to ignore them. The local people are n'lt taken into confidence and their consensus has not been sought before 125 Lakshadweep Islands issuing the bans. Attitude of the people is that since it is the government who is issues the ban; let them protect the reef and all the species included in the ban. At the same time some Islanders state that the local administration is not serious about implementing the bans. In the case of shingle, boulder and sand the notifications have lead to increased collection and hoarding by certain individuals. Complete quantitative and qualitative information on local, ecological, social, economic and political context are lacking from the site. Such information is essential to prepare a plan that integrates conservation and local economic development. This information is also essential to logically convince the local people about the gravity of the situation. Islanders are literate and hence can be educated on the importance of coral reefs. They are already aware that they owe their existence to reef building corals. Through integrated conservation and management approaches the livelihood security of resident populations could be greatly enhanced. In order for timely detection of anomalies and threats, information can be collected by monitoring resources and pollution. Two things are urgently needed: The first step towards protecting this site would be to undertake a study on the dependence of the local communities on the services and resources provided by the site. With such basic information available from grassroots, a people friendly, conservation, monitoring and development plan could be achieved with the participation of the Island Administration and the Islanders. Consensus building: through continuous public meetings and awareness campaigns involving all professions, age, and gender groups. We must take a island stakeholders participatory approach for: a) assessing resources, b) fixing levels of exploitation; c) imposing size regulatiou, d) periodic closure during breeding season of sensitive species to permit recovery and e) establishing Zoning - demarcation of areas for different uses including one undisturbed core area near every island. The role of the environment warden could be changed from policeman to consensus builder and provider of information.
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, \ Bioresources Status in Select C
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Preface Foreword Introduction Biore
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'ST. (~) ~ wrf Dr. (Mrs.) Manju Sha
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Preparation of status report and de
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Gulf of Kachchh II. Description of
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 5 : Natural w
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Gulf of Kachchh marine life. Out of
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Gulf of Kachchh same coast Spongomo
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Gulf of Kachchh Kachchh. Ninety-one
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Gulf of Kachchh involved in the res
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Gulf of Kachchh Parastromateus nige
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 14. Fishing c
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 16 : Cropping
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Gulf of Kachc Table Year 1897 1909
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Gulf of Kachchh VII. Conservation A
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Gulf of Kachchh their life cycle. S
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Gulf of Kachchh Eswaran, C.R, KR. N
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Gulf of Kachchh ABBREVATIONS FSI Fo
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Name of the island Majnr habitat Im
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I Name of the island (GPS Location)
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Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Loc
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name loc
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• Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name
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Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
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Gulf of Kachchh VI. Checklist of mo
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Gullo! Kach.chh Species Name Common
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Gulf of Kachchh Species Name 1 (New
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Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
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Gulf of Kachchh IX. Checklist of th
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name 1 P
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Com
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Gulf of Kachchh Category 1 REPTILES
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.' Avicennia marina dense patch t._
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I. Introduction Malvan Bio-resource
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I""F--r'--' -~------i, ~:::~::, "
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Sr.No. Variety 95-96 15. Ribbon fis
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A MAP- 6 Principal crops of Ratnagl
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threat of low fish production, 'low
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S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
Page 88 and 89: S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
Page 90 and 91: S.No. + Preset and - Absent Name of
Page 92 and 93: S.No. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Page 94 and 95: Alphonso mangos Cashew fruit flower
Page 96 and 97: Vermicompost project demonstration
Page 98 and 99: Vembanad Lake The Vembanad Lake is
Page 100 and 101: Vembanad Lake b. Kumarakom (9°37'
Page 102 and 103: Vembanad Lake gymnocephalus, Gerres
Page 104 and 105: Vembanad Lake cyprinoides (Grey). A
Page 106 and 107: Vembanad Lake Estimates of live cla
Page 108 and 109: Vembanad Lake exploited from Vemban
Page 110 and 111: Vembanad Lake currents in these are
Page 112 and 113: Vembanad Lake Some of plant like Ce
Page 114 and 115: Vembanad Lake agrochemicals, sewage
Page 116 and 117: Vembanad Lake Kurup, B.M., M.J. Seb
Page 118 and 119: . Lakshadweep Islands I. Introducti
Page 120 and 121: Lakshadweep Islands iii. The Natura
Page 122 and 123: Lakshadweep Islands c. The Ocean Th
Page 124 and 125: Lakshadweep Islands 70000 soooo 500
Page 126 and 127: Lakshadweep Islands and, Scaveola k
Page 128 and 129: Lakshadweep Islands islands to impr
Page 130 and 131: Lakshadweep Islands take during the
Page 132 and 133: Lakshadweep Islands and thereafter
Page 134 and 135: Lakshadweep Islands 1. Pre-baiting
Page 136 and 137: Lakshadweep Islands increases the w
Page 140 and 141: Lakshadweep Islands Acknowledgemen
Page 142 and 143: Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 2 Some
Page 144 and 145: Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 3 - Li
Page 146 and 147: Lakshadweep Islands I S.No. Name of
Page 148 and 149: Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 5 Sign
Page 150 and 151: Lakshadweep Islands 3. THE LAKSHADW
Page 152 and 153: L ak shad we e pis I and s 4. Vol.
Page 154 and 155: Lakshadweep Islands This would redu
Page 156 and 157: I!i ~ ~ - •• /II'f;~ If:~" "',.
Page 158 and 159: Pulicat Lake I. Introduction Pulica
Page 160 and 161: Pulicat Lake Figure 2 : River syste
Page 162 and 163: Pullcat Lake respect to certain con
Page 164 and 165: Pulicat Lake Figure 5. Annual Incom
Page 166 and 167: Pulicat Lake about 40 to 50 painted
Page 168 and 169: Pulicat Lake V. Bioresource Profile
Page 170 and 171: Pulicat Lake 1285 to 24768 in the f
Page 172 and 173: Pulicat Lake seeding procedures and
Page 174 and 175: Pulicat Lake and lagoons. which for
Page 176 and 177: Pulicat Lake SINo. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6
Page 178 and 179: Pulicat Lake REFERENCES Anantharama
Page 180 and 181: Pullea! Lake SI No. Name of the Vil
Page 182 and 183: Pulicat Lake SI Primary High Hr. Se
Page 184 and 185: Pulicat Lake SINo. SCIENTIFIC NAME
Page 186 and 187: Pulicat Lake SINo. COMMON NAME SCIE
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Pulicat Lake ANNEXURE -v Fishing Gr
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~ ~ 29 Thirumalainagar 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Pulicat Lake 42 Mugathuvarakuppam 3
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Light house village with traditiona
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I. Introduction Bhitarkanika In 199
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the absence of Nypa fruitcans (loca
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-- 2olf1 1981 1961 1941 1921 1901 D
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has indicated that macro and meio-f
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• Tantiapal fish landing center :
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to see whether the solar cookers we
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The ploughs and other implements ar
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the rice straw is exhausted. A few
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generate information that will help
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Kenneally, KF. (1982). Ma11{}roveof
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Bhitarkanika No. CommonName Zoologi
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Bhilarkanika Fish No. CommonName No
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1. Introduction Chilika Lake Chilik
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ii. Climate The state of Orissa is
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The central sector is moderately de
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asis of available data from an earl
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Table3:Distributionofmajorvasrularh
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A total number of 217 species of fi
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lake from the sea. The two openings
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Workshop/Seminar conference Table6:
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agricultural fields for the purpose
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from Chilika lake has fallen from 4
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in September, 2000. The old mouth a
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culture" of fish/shrimp that not on
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tourism around the world and guidel
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...::.-:.~--: .•.:...~ ~~ _.~--:.
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Malvan tahsil located along west co
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The Lakshadweep Islands are the onl
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Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary is
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3rfU~TTfmJ~ Executive Summary in Hi
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~U~!~~ii ~fiHIB ~u;~t ~1~U1Hh~i 1¥
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L 1 ~ 1~'* - -- :; -: ~.~ . df ~ 'i
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i,,;r; ~i~~i~'I~i4&~i til 1& ~ -,,:
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