06-bioresourcesstatu.. - M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation

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Gulf of Kachchh Table 5 : Natural wealth of coastal area of Gulf of Kachchh District Metallic Non-metallic Economically minerals minerals useful rocks Kachchh Bauxite Agate,Bentonite, Limestone, Fireclay,Ochres sandstone Jamnagar Bauxite Chalk,Gypsum, Limestone Quartz,Silica-sand Source: AfehJ; 1995 ii. Geomorphology The northern plank of the Gulf Le. area from Jakhau to Kandla has irregular and dissected configurations. The western half, overlooking the open Arabian Sea, trends NW-SE and is dominantly muddy and made up of extensive tidal fiats. The E-W trending coast that lies inside the Gulf of Kachchh, is sandy and silty with narrow beaches. It merges with the Little Rann to the east. However, the southern plank of the Gulf Le. the area from Navlakhi to Dwarka, trending E-W, overlooks the Gulf and shows a crenellated rocky shoreline with the subtidal zone consisting of channels, shoals, submerged islands, sand bars, coral reefs and mangroves. The beach sands are calcareous and dominated by bio-casts. The consolidated ancient equivalents of these biogenic sands are the famous miliolite rocks. The minerological and petrographical studies of the submerged intertidal rocks of the Gulf of Kachchh indicate that they are calcareous sandstones. The petrology of the rocks, study of the foraminifera and the nature of insoluble residue, suggest that these rocks were formed in an intertidal region of deposition during a period of lowered sea level (Hashmi et al., 1977). The Rann is the most remarkable and unique feature of the Kachchh region, occupying its northern and eastern parts, forming more than half of the aerial extent of Kachchh. Mehr & Malik (1996) give specific account of the formation of Little Rann (falling between 23'10'N to 23'45' latitudes and 70'45'E to 71'45'E longitudes) and owe its origin to the transgression through the Gulf of Kachchh. According to them the Little Rann represents the former extension of the Gulf of Kachchh when the sea:level was high during the last Holocene transgression. a. Bathymetry : The sea slopes gently towards west from the Arabian sea coast of Kachchh. The sea bed is Mineral tuels The tides are of mixed semi-diurnal type (M, type), with a large diurnal inequality and varying amplitude, which decreases from north to south along both the coasts. Because of unique position, nearness to the Tropic of Cancer, funnel shape of the Gulf and resonance effects, it experience very high tides, roughly the highest anywhere along the Indian coast. The tides, in general, are low on the open Arabian sea near the Gulf of Kachchh. The mean high-water spring (MHWS) of 3.47m in Okha increases to 5.36m at Sikka to 7.31m at Navalakhi. Longshore currents with low wave energy dominate the open coasts along the Arabian Sea. The tidal currents dominate the fiow in Gulf of Kachchh. Maximum velocities occur during midtide, which is around 4 knots, associated with high wave energy. During the SW monsoon the coastal surface currents along the West Coast of Saurashtra fiow alongshore directed northwards. At a distance of 3-5 km from the coast the alongshore current develops a shoreward component. This phenomenon is reverses during NE monsoon when the alongshore-current fiow equator-wards and its perpendicular component gets directed away from the shore. The currents in the Gulf though tidal, are monsoon in origin. The flow adjusts its directional orientation with the changing dire( .ion of the wind affected by changing seasons of the year. iii. Climate mostly sandy and muddy. This is caused by the prograding sediment from the Indus delta. Lignite Depth of the Gulf of Kachchh ranges from a maximum of about 60m at the mouth to less than 20m at the head of the Gulf. The topography is very irregular at the mouth and the central part of the Gulf and consists of pinnacles and scarps ranging in height from 6 to 32 m. towards the head the relief is subdued due to the covering of fine-grained sediment. 4 b. Tides and currents : The climate in the coastal area of the Gulf of Kachchh is arid to semi-arid. The northern plank is extreme arid while southern plank shows semiarid climate. The .climate is very dryas the rainfall is always below average every year, which
is about 300mm. The atmospheric temperature reaches to 47°C in summer to as low as oDe in the winter. The salinity of the Gulf water reasonably remains moderate with minute fluctuation in monsoon. The south-west monsoon which brings rain from the Arabian sea extends from June-July to September. The winter season is preceded by month of October, which is largely a transitional period. Winter lasts from Source: GEC, 1999; NIo, 1998; CSMCRI, 1998 November to February, when the climate is cool and dry, and there are occasional showers of short duration. January is the coldest month. a. Hydrography : The Gulf of Kachchh is an area of negative water balance where evaporation exceeds the sum of precipitation (rainfall) and river runoff (Sen Gupta et aZ., 1999). The turnover/mixing/exchange times are quite short because of shallow depths, large tidal amplitude and strong tidal currents (Desai, 1997). Because of high tidal amplitudes, increasing upstream, it has huge inter-tidal expanses, perhaps the widest along the Indian coast. Table 6: Hydrographical features of the Gulf of Kachchh Parameters Area Depth (mean) Volume River runoff (R) Rainfall (P) Evaporation (E) Water Balance (R+P-E) Tides Tidal expanse Details Large quantity of sediments from River Indus is prograding the shelf along Kachchh. Prograding sediments of the Indus delta accumulate on the northern shores of the Gulf while the southern shores remain deprived of sediments because of Gulf of Kachchh Table 7 : Hydrochemical features of the Gulf of Kachchh Stalion Depths Salinity %, O,mg.I" PO.-P pmol.l" NO,-N pmol.l" Okha Surface 35.27 - 36.39 7.02 - 8.04 1.00-1.26 0.79.2.28 Bottom 35.72 - 36.45 6.90 - 7.87 0.95 -1.09 1.58 - 2.37 Poshitra Surface 35.99 - 37.18 6.04 - 7.23 0.67 - 1.59 2.83 -3.28 Bottom 36.25 - 37.03 5.90 - 6.86 0.71 -1.65 2.95 - 4.49 Kalubhar Surface 36.26 - 37.86 6.52 - 6.66 0.89 - 1.05 4.63 - 4.93 Bottom 36.68 - 36.91 6.07 - 6.43 0.89-1.10 4.82 - 4.95 Pirotan Surface 37.12 - 37.85 7.64 - 7.67 0.95 - 1.00 4.89 - 5.35 Bottom 37.19 - 37.99 7.49 - 7.62 0.95 -1.38 5.55 - 5.90 Kandla Surface 38.32 - 39.38 6.50 - 6.72 0.95-1.10 6.64 - 6.83 Bottom 38.15 - 40.02 6.33 - 6.91 1.00 - 1.21 6.58 - 6.73 Mundra Surface 37.15 - 37.48 5.20 - 5.50 1.00 - 1.10 - Bottom 37.22 - 37.69 5.00 - 5.17 1.10-1.15 - 7,350 km' 20-60 m (30m) 2,20,000 Mm' 140 Mm' y" 3,087 Mm' y-' 7,350 Mm' y" Negative Jakhau-Kandla 3-8m Okha-Jamnagar 3-5 m Jakhau-Kandla 0.5-2 km Okha-Jamnagar 1->5 km 5 the existence of a dynamic barrier caused by the high velocity tidal stream flowing through the central channel of the Gulf. (Nair et aZ., 1982). b. Hydrocbemistq .- The coastal water of Gulf of Kachchhare more or less homogenous displaying a one-layer structure. This is caused by the shallowness of the depths and medium to high tidal amplitudes associated with tidal currents and turbulence. As a result, the chemical parameters maintain almost similar concentrations both vertically and horizontally over some distance. Because of these movements the waters are always well oxygenated and are close to or over saturation values. Other constituents of the water body e.g. nutrients, toxic and non-toxic trace metals, maintain concentrations within acceptable limits. (Table 7) The Gulf, in general, has excellent water quality quite close to the characteristics of a pristine water body. At any given instant it may contain around 1350 Gg (Giga gram) dissolved oxygen. Marginal degradation in water quality in localized areas around industrial and urban centres is possible. But such changes can only be ephemeral because of semi-diurnal tidal flushings associated with moderate to strong tidal currents. However, it will be worthwhile to examine the residual tidal effects on natural and anthropogenic substances. iv, Short summary on vegetation and animal life: Intricate network of 42 islands with their coral reefs, mangroves, creeks, mudflats and sandy beaches are endowed with a fantastic array of
Page 2 and 3: , \ Bioresources Status in Select C
Page 4 and 5: Preface Foreword Introduction Biore
Page 6 and 7: 'ST. (~) ~ wrf Dr. (Mrs.) Manju Sha
Page 8 and 9: Preparation of status report and de
Page 10 and 11: Gulf of Kachchh II. Description of
Page 14 and 15: Gulf of Kachchh marine life. Out of
Page 16 and 17: Gulf of Kachchh same coast Spongomo
Page 18 and 19: Gulf of Kachchh Kachchh. Ninety-one
Page 20 and 21: Gulf of Kachchh involved in the res
Page 22 and 23: Gulf of Kachchh Parastromateus nige
Page 24 and 25: Gulf of Kachchh Table 14. Fishing c
Page 26 and 27: Gulf of Kachchh Table 16 : Cropping
Page 28 and 29: Gulf of Kachc Table Year 1897 1909
Page 30 and 31: Gulf of Kachchh VII. Conservation A
Page 32 and 33: Gulf of Kachchh their life cycle. S
Page 34 and 35: Gulf of Kachchh Eswaran, C.R, KR. N
Page 36 and 37: Gulf of Kachchh ABBREVATIONS FSI Fo
Page 38 and 39: Name of the island Majnr habitat Im
Page 40 and 41: I Name of the island (GPS Location)
Page 42 and 43: Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
Page 44 and 45: Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Loc
Page 46 and 47: Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name loc
Page 48 and 49: • Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name
Page 50 and 51: Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
Page 52 and 53: Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
Page 54 and 55: Gulf of Kachchh VI. Checklist of mo
Page 56 and 57: Gullo! Kach.chh Species Name Common
Page 58 and 59: Gulf of Kachchh Species Name 1 (New
Page 60 and 61: Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
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Gulf of Kachchh IX. Checklist of th
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name 1 P
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Com
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Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
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Gulf of Kachchh Category 1 REPTILES
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.' Avicennia marina dense patch t._
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I. Introduction Malvan Bio-resource
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- ---------------------------------
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I""F--r'--' -~------i, ~:::~::, "
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Sr.No. Variety 95-96 15. Ribbon fis
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A MAP- 6 Principal crops of Ratnagl
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threat of low fish production, 'low
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S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
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S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
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S.No. + Preset and - Absent Name of
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S.No. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
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Alphonso mangos Cashew fruit flower
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Vermicompost project demonstration
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Vembanad Lake The Vembanad Lake is
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Vembanad Lake b. Kumarakom (9°37'
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Vembanad Lake gymnocephalus, Gerres
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Vembanad Lake cyprinoides (Grey). A
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Vembanad Lake Estimates of live cla
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Vembanad Lake exploited from Vemban
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Vembanad Lake currents in these are
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Vembanad Lake Some of plant like Ce
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Vembanad Lake agrochemicals, sewage
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Vembanad Lake Kurup, B.M., M.J. Seb
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. Lakshadweep Islands I. Introducti
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Lakshadweep Islands iii. The Natura
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Lakshadweep Islands c. The Ocean Th
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Lakshadweep Islands 70000 soooo 500
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Lakshadweep Islands and, Scaveola k
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Lakshadweep Islands islands to impr
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Lakshadweep Islands take during the
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Lakshadweep Islands and thereafter
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Lakshadweep Islands 1. Pre-baiting
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Lakshadweep Islands increases the w
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Lakshadweep Islands Table 5 - Manag
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Lakshadweep Islands Acknowledgemen
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 2 Some
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 3 - Li
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Lakshadweep Islands I S.No. Name of
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Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 5 Sign
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Lakshadweep Islands 3. THE LAKSHADW
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L ak shad we e pis I and s 4. Vol.
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Lakshadweep Islands This would redu
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I!i ~ ~ - •• /II'f;~ If:~" "',.
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Pulicat Lake I. Introduction Pulica
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Pulicat Lake Figure 2 : River syste
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Pullcat Lake respect to certain con
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Pulicat Lake Figure 5. Annual Incom
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Pulicat Lake about 40 to 50 painted
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Pulicat Lake V. Bioresource Profile
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Pulicat Lake 1285 to 24768 in the f
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Pulicat Lake seeding procedures and
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Pulicat Lake and lagoons. which for
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Pulicat Lake SINo. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6
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Pulicat Lake REFERENCES Anantharama
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Pullea! Lake SI No. Name of the Vil
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Pulicat Lake SI Primary High Hr. Se
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Pulicat Lake SINo. SCIENTIFIC NAME
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Pulicat Lake SINo. COMMON NAME SCIE
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Pulicat Lake ANNEXURE -v Fishing Gr
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~ ~ 29 Thirumalainagar 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Pulicat Lake 42 Mugathuvarakuppam 3
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Light house village with traditiona
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I. Introduction Bhitarkanika In 199
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the absence of Nypa fruitcans (loca
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-- 2olf1 1981 1961 1941 1921 1901 D
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has indicated that macro and meio-f
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• Tantiapal fish landing center :
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to see whether the solar cookers we
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The ploughs and other implements ar
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the rice straw is exhausted. A few
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generate information that will help
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Kenneally, KF. (1982). Ma11{}roveof
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Bhitarkanika No. CommonName Zoologi
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Bhilarkanika Fish No. CommonName No
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1. Introduction Chilika Lake Chilik
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ii. Climate The state of Orissa is
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The central sector is moderately de
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asis of available data from an earl
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Table3:Distributionofmajorvasrularh
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A total number of 217 species of fi
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lake from the sea. The two openings
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Workshop/Seminar conference Table6:
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agricultural fields for the purpose
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from Chilika lake has fallen from 4
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in September, 2000. The old mouth a
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culture" of fish/shrimp that not on
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tourism around the world and guidel
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...::.-:.~--: .•.:...~ ~~ _.~--:.
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Malvan tahsil located along west co
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The Lakshadweep Islands are the onl
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Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary is
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3rfU~TTfmJ~ Executive Summary in Hi
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15 ~ ~ 11~ 'W 4& ~ ~ ~ IL~ 'l&t ~ ~
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~U~!~~ii ~fiHIB ~u;~t ~1~U1Hh~i 1¥
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L 1 ~ 1~'* - -- :; -: ~.~ . df ~ 'i
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i,,;r; ~i~~i~'I~i4&~i til 1& ~ -,,:
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06-bioresourcesstatu.. - M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation

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