06-bioresourcesstatu.. - M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation

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Vembanad Lake cyprinoides (Grey). As mentioned in the preceding columns with a length of 60 km north to south from Cochin to alleppy and an area of 21,053 ha. with the commission of salt-water barriers, the lake is divided into two entirely different ecosystems. The northern sector downstream is estuarine while the southern upstream is freshwater. The main demand for lime from clam resources is for brick laying, plastering and white washing. At present, number of industries such as the Govetnment owned Travancore Cements and Travllllcore Electrochemicals use clam shells (Mammen, 1984). According to a rough estimate they consume nearly one lakh tonnes of clam shells annually. The clam resources of the lake have been estimated by Rasalam and Sebastian (1976) and Achary (1987) based on the data gathered from co-operative societies. The clam beds were located by Kurup et at. (1990). This study is important as it pertains to more than a decade after the commissioning of the barrier .. The species Vellorita cyprinoides supports sustenance fisheries in the estuaries and backwaters of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh and contributes 67% to the clam fishery. The meat is locally consumed and it is also used in supplementing various aquacultue feeds (Kizhakundan and Narasimhan, 1995). This species plays an important role in the rural economy of Kerala. Exploitation Pattern : The Department of Mining and Geology controls the clam collection and periodically leases out areas for dredging and also issues licenses to divers to collect surface deposits of live (black) and dead (white) clam shells. There has been lot of agitation from the divers who feel that dredging leads to depletion of live clams. The fisherfolk operating stake and Chinese dip net also feel that dredging has lead to depletion of their catch. These allegations are not entirely without basis (Mammen, 1984). Cutter suction dredgers are used in Vembanad Lake. As the dredger cuts through the soil, the 90 suction pump takes the soil and clam shells along with water to the floating washery, where the shells are separated and delivered to a barge while the clay water slurry is allowed to flow into the lake. Initially the dredger used to collect about 50 tonnes of sub fossil clam deposit in two hours later as the resource declined due to overexploitation, it took upto six hours to get 50 t of clam shell (Mammen, 1984). However, even at this rate the factories are finding it economical to dredge the shell rather than buy from the divers. The factories claim that they are dredging in deeper waters and thus do not come in the way of collection of clams by the divers. According to them, if the divers get the sole licence for collection, they are likely to dictate the terms. Estimates of the exploited clam population: The population of clam in Vernban ad lake has been estimated by Kurup et at. (1990). They had divided the regions into ten zones comprising five zones each on the northern and southern side of the Thanneermukkam barrier. They reported the presence of extensive clam beds in the regions where the lake bottom is sandy. The clams avoid the areas' where high percentage of silt is present. The important live clam beds of different zones as reported by Kurup et at. (1990), are presented in Tables 1 & 2. Size distribution of clam : The size of the exploited clams varies from 9 to 59 mm. However, size below 10 mm and above 39 mm were rarely represented. The dominant modal groups were 15 - 19, 20 - 24 & 10- 14 mm, in that order. The sizes prevalent in different zones of the lakes were analysed. It appears that the dominant mode in zone I was that of 30-34 mm. Here the clam is present in semi-enclosed lake with low salinity. In zone II and III where higher salinity is prevalent the modal groups 15 - 19 and 10 - 14 mm were dominant. Zone IV had almost all the three groups 15 - 19, 20 - 24 and 25 - 29 mm equally represented. Zone V had modal group 20 - 24 mm, which was not apart from all other zones with a dominant modal group of 30 - 34 mm.
Vembanad Lake Table 1 : Important black clam beds of northern sector and zonewise clam production Name of Ihe bed Area Deplh Salinity (ppl) Exploited quantity lone (Ref. Point) (ha) (Mean) m) Monsoon Post-mono Pre-mono of black clam June-Sept. Oct.Jan. Feb-May (Tonnes) I. t Veluthully kayal 20.00 3.00 2. Kumbalangi 17.50 2.70 3. Ezhupunna 8.00 3.00 4. Pandathu 7.50 3.60 0.5 -4.0 3.0-7. 6.0-17.0 Total 53.50 284.33 II. l Thaikkatluserry 28.00 3.50 2. Eramelloor 12.00 4.00 0-7 0.5-18.0 9.0-23.0 3. Arrer 17.00 3.00 Tolal 57.00 739.05 III. 1. Perumbalam-N 30.00 2.00 0-8 6-18 12.0-18.0 475.74 IV. 1. Perumbalam - S 8.00 2.80 2. Nediathuruthu 32.00 3.50 . 3. Chempu kayal 110.00 2.75 Freshwater 0-5-13.0 10.0-13.0 4. Poochakkal 12.00 2.00 5. Manappurm 60.00 2.40 6. Anjuthuruthu 28.00 2.50 7. Murinjapuzha 40.00 3.75 Total 290.00 1560.86 V. 1. Pallippuram Thanneermukkam 120.00 2.20 2. Vaikom Jetty 8000 3.45 Freshwater 0.11 9-11 3. Vaikom electric tower 55.00 3.50 Tolal 255.00 633.85 Tolal area of ciani beds 685.00 3693.83 Table 2 : Important black clam beds of southern sector and zonewlse clam production Name of the bed Area Deplh Salinity (ppt) Exploited quanlily lone (Ref. Point) (ha) (Mean) m) Monsoon Post-mono Pre-man. of black clam June-Sept. Oct.Jan. Feb-May (Tonnes) VI. 1. Vechoor 55.00 1.75 2. Pathiramanal north 42.00 2.25 Freshwater Freshwater 0.5-4.0 3. Kayippuram- Kannankara 36.00 2.30 4. Thanneermukkom 4.00 5. Puthenkayal 28.00 4.00 Total 165.00 582.71 VII. 1. Muthamma 210.00 2.15 2. Kumakom 15.00 2.35 Freshwater Freshwater 0.5-2.5 3. Kavanatlinkara 50.00 2.50 Total 275.00 977.68 VIII. 1. Aryad 440.00 2.0 Freshwater Freshwater 0.5-2.0 1771.63 Total area of clam beds 880.00 3332.02 Source: KlIRlIP et.a1., 1990 91
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, \ Bioresources Status in Select C
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Preface Foreword Introduction Biore
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'ST. (~) ~ wrf Dr. (Mrs.) Manju Sha
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Preparation of status report and de
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Gulf of Kachchh II. Description of
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 5 : Natural w
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Gulf of Kachchh marine life. Out of
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Gulf of Kachchh same coast Spongomo
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Gulf of Kachchh Kachchh. Ninety-one
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Gulf of Kachchh involved in the res
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Gulf of Kachchh Parastromateus nige
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 14. Fishing c
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 16 : Cropping
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Gulf of Kachc Table Year 1897 1909
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Gulf of Kachchh VII. Conservation A
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Gulf of Kachchh their life cycle. S
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Gulf of Kachchh Eswaran, C.R, KR. N
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Gulf of Kachchh ABBREVATIONS FSI Fo
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Name of the island Majnr habitat Im
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I Name of the island (GPS Location)
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Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Loc
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name loc
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• Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name
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Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
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Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
Page 54 and 55: Gulf of Kachchh VI. Checklist of mo
Page 56 and 57: Gullo! Kach.chh Species Name Common
Page 58 and 59: Gulf of Kachchh Species Name 1 (New
Page 60 and 61: Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
Page 62 and 63: Gulf of Kachchh IX. Checklist of th
Page 64 and 65: Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name 1 P
Page 66 and 67: Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Com
Page 68 and 69: Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
Page 70 and 71: Gulf of Kachchh Category 1 REPTILES
Page 72 and 73: .' Avicennia marina dense patch t._
Page 74 and 75: I. Introduction Malvan Bio-resource
Page 76 and 77: - ---------------------------------
Page 78 and 79: I""F--r'--' -~------i, ~:::~::, "
Page 80 and 81: Sr.No. Variety 95-96 15. Ribbon fis
Page 82 and 83: A MAP- 6 Principal crops of Ratnagl
Page 84 and 85: threat of low fish production, 'low
Page 86 and 87: S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
Page 88 and 89: S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
Page 90 and 91: S.No. + Preset and - Absent Name of
Page 92 and 93: S.No. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Page 94 and 95: Alphonso mangos Cashew fruit flower
Page 96 and 97: Vermicompost project demonstration
Page 98 and 99: Vembanad Lake The Vembanad Lake is
Page 100 and 101: Vembanad Lake b. Kumarakom (9°37'
Page 102 and 103: Vembanad Lake gymnocephalus, Gerres
Page 106 and 107: Vembanad Lake Estimates of live cla
Page 108 and 109: Vembanad Lake exploited from Vemban
Page 110 and 111: Vembanad Lake currents in these are
Page 112 and 113: Vembanad Lake Some of plant like Ce
Page 114 and 115: Vembanad Lake agrochemicals, sewage
Page 116 and 117: Vembanad Lake Kurup, B.M., M.J. Seb
Page 118 and 119: . Lakshadweep Islands I. Introducti
Page 120 and 121: Lakshadweep Islands iii. The Natura
Page 122 and 123: Lakshadweep Islands c. The Ocean Th
Page 124 and 125: Lakshadweep Islands 70000 soooo 500
Page 126 and 127: Lakshadweep Islands and, Scaveola k
Page 128 and 129: Lakshadweep Islands islands to impr
Page 130 and 131: Lakshadweep Islands take during the
Page 132 and 133: Lakshadweep Islands and thereafter
Page 134 and 135: Lakshadweep Islands 1. Pre-baiting
Page 136 and 137: Lakshadweep Islands increases the w
Page 138 and 139: Lakshadweep Islands Table 5 - Manag
Page 140 and 141: Lakshadweep Islands Acknowledgemen
Page 142 and 143: Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 2 Some
Page 144 and 145: Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 3 - Li
Page 146 and 147: Lakshadweep Islands I S.No. Name of
Page 148 and 149: Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 5 Sign
Page 150 and 151: Lakshadweep Islands 3. THE LAKSHADW
Page 152 and 153: L ak shad we e pis I and s 4. Vol.
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Lakshadweep Islands This would redu
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I!i ~ ~ - •• /II'f;~ If:~" "',.
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Pulicat Lake I. Introduction Pulica
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Pulicat Lake Figure 2 : River syste
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Pullcat Lake respect to certain con
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Pulicat Lake Figure 5. Annual Incom
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Pulicat Lake about 40 to 50 painted
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Pulicat Lake V. Bioresource Profile
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Pulicat Lake 1285 to 24768 in the f
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Pulicat Lake seeding procedures and
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Pulicat Lake and lagoons. which for
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Pulicat Lake SINo. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6
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Pulicat Lake REFERENCES Anantharama
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Pullea! Lake SI No. Name of the Vil
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Pulicat Lake SI Primary High Hr. Se
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Pulicat Lake SINo. SCIENTIFIC NAME
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Pulicat Lake SINo. COMMON NAME SCIE
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Pulicat Lake ANNEXURE -v Fishing Gr
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~ ~ 29 Thirumalainagar 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Pulicat Lake 42 Mugathuvarakuppam 3
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Light house village with traditiona
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I. Introduction Bhitarkanika In 199
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the absence of Nypa fruitcans (loca
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-- 2olf1 1981 1961 1941 1921 1901 D
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has indicated that macro and meio-f
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• Tantiapal fish landing center :
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to see whether the solar cookers we
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The ploughs and other implements ar
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the rice straw is exhausted. A few
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generate information that will help
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Kenneally, KF. (1982). Ma11{}roveof
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Bhitarkanika No. CommonName Zoologi
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Bhilarkanika Fish No. CommonName No
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1. Introduction Chilika Lake Chilik
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ii. Climate The state of Orissa is
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The central sector is moderately de
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asis of available data from an earl
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Table3:Distributionofmajorvasrularh
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A total number of 217 species of fi
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lake from the sea. The two openings
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Workshop/Seminar conference Table6:
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agricultural fields for the purpose
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from Chilika lake has fallen from 4
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in September, 2000. The old mouth a
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culture" of fish/shrimp that not on
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tourism around the world and guidel
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...::.-:.~--: .•.:...~ ~~ _.~--:.
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Malvan tahsil located along west co
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The Lakshadweep Islands are the onl
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Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary is
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3rfU~TTfmJ~ Executive Summary in Hi
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15 ~ ~ 11~ 'W 4& ~ ~ ~ IL~ 'l&t ~ ~
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~U~!~~ii ~fiHIB ~u;~t ~1~U1Hh~i 1¥
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L 1 ~ 1~'* - -- :; -: ~.~ . df ~ 'i
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i,,;r; ~i~~i~'I~i4&~i til 1& ~ -,,:
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