06-bioresourcesstatu.. - M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation

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Vembanad Lake gymnocephalus, Gerres filamentosa and among prawns: Metapenaeus dobsoni, Penaeus indicus, M.monoceros and among freshwater species of fish - Labeo dussumieri and giant freshwater praswn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. According to Kurup (1997) Labeo .dussumieri is one of the endangered species. Among molluscan species, Vellorita cypri1wids is one of the major species supplying to the lime industry of the state. iii. Threatened species- mCN listed species Loris tal"digradus Macca silinus Felis viverrina Neclophl"yne tubcl"cutosa Cl"ocodlllus POl"OSUS- Indian crocodile Labeo dussumieri Macrobrachium rosenbergii the slender loris is vulnerable long tail macaque is endangered due to habitat destruction fishing cat Malabal" tree frog endangered tbreatened a. Bio resources used by iocal communities from mangroves: A variety of products .are directly available from mangroves: • Construction poles, firewood, timber, charcoal, tannin etc. • It offers good pastures for cow, buffalo and goat and stall-feeding is practiced with fodder from mangroves rich in minerals and vitamins. • Minor uses are honey, medicines, fish poisoning and hedge plants. • This forms the nursery breeding ground of a variety of fish; prawns and clams. This is utilized by the local community. iv. Conservation values a. Buffering action / Shoreline and inland protection : Mangrove vegetation exerts protection against encroachment of sea, destructive forces of tide and hurricanes. It also saves the banks from flash flood and saves lives and properties of the people. It has the ability to stabilize the water area against long-term climatic fluctuations and sea level rise. 88 b. Nursery / Breeding gronnds : The lake is the nursery ground fOr several species of fish and prawns. The chief among them being the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Apart from prawn, the lake is the breeding ground for several species of fish like Lates calcarifer, Labeo rohita, Etroplus suratensis, Mugil cephalus etc. c. Nesting grounds: Kumarkom mangroves are famous as bird sanctuary. Several cormorants of the Phallacocorax species are seen. Darters like Ahinga ahinga (L) are well represented here. Herons by far outnumber the avian fauna. They use the mangroves as fishing ground and for nesting along with darters and cormorants. Gulls and teals are commonly seen. d. Refugium for endangered species : The Kumarakom mangroves are famous as a bird sanctuary. It shelters many species of birds like teals in winter, cormorants, darters, egrets, bitterns & water hens throughout the year. Herons & darters- are also common. A good number of endangered fish species are present in Vembanad lake. Chief among them is the giant fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Most of the penaeid shrimps like Penaeus monodon, P. indicus, Metapenaeus dobsoni, M. monoceros & M. affinis have an estuarine phase in their life history, I.e. the post larvae and juveniles migrate to the estuaries which provide them the nursery grounds. The soft, organically rich substratum of inshore region is preferred by them. e. Ecotourism : Estuaries and backwaters are sources of recreation. The Vembanad lake is no exception. The Vembanad lake near CochinNypin islands serves as the place of tourist interest. As Kashmir has become out of reach for most of the tourists from India and abroad; the number of tourists hiring houseboats in the Cochin backwaters has gone up considerably. The KTDC is encouraging such ventures in a big way. f. Water transport : The Vembanad lake is by various water ways. Most of the islands on the Vembanad estuary are connected by boats owned by Govi. of Kerala.
g. Uniqueness and representativeness / Richness: Any estuarine system would be very rich in resources. The uniqueness of Vembanad lake region lies in the resources of giant fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. This along with penaeid. prawns like Penaeus indicus, P. monodon etc. are the source of foreign exchange earners for the state of Kerala. Apart from this the Kumarakom mangroves - the largest in Kerala is on the Vernban ad estuary. The list of mangrove plants present have been listed elsewhere in this report. A large number of nesting birds as well as migratory birds visit this mangrove. It is also a habitat for a good variety of aquatic and terrestrial mammals. Kumarakom mangroves (9' 37'N; 76' 26'E) is situated about 15 km west of Kottayam town on the eastern bank of Vembanad estuary. The bird sanctuary covers an area of 8 ha. of marshy land close to the estuary. Several cormorants, darters, herons are seen nesting. Egrets, bitterns and water hens are also present. h. <strong>Research</strong> and education : The significance of Vembanad lake has increased several folds after the commissioning of Thaneermukham salt water barrier. The lake is clearly divided into southern saline and. northern freshwater system, and a number of studies have been done on various aspects of hydrology, fishery, mangroves, bird sanctuary etc. A lot of research can still be carried out on the Vembanad lake. Some of the important works are discussed here. Foraminiferans (Protozoa) : Among the sediment samples from the Cochin black waters 12 living species of benthic foraminiferans were observed in a study carried out by Seibold (1972): Ammnoia sorbina, Discorbis tepida, Trochammina globussa, Miliammina sp.. Ammnobaculites persicus, Quinqueloculina miletti, Boliving striatula, Elphidium somaense, Protelphidium schmitti, Nonion asterizans, Cassidella panikkari, Globegerina sp. Copepods and other plankton: The zooplankton of Cochin backwaters and Vembanad lake have been studied by a number of researchers like Haridas et al. (1973), Madhupratap and Haridas (1978), Madhupratap (1979) and others. According to the study carried out by Madhupratap and Haridas 89 Vembanad Lake (1975) copepods were present in all the stations from Cochin backwaters to Alleppy. Siphonophores, invertebrate eggs, fish eggs and larvae, amphipods, isopods, cladocerans and other crustaceans are the other zooplankton. Large number of hydromedusae occurred in the backwaters. Among ctenophora -Pleurobrachia sp. and Beroe sp. were recorded. The chaetognaths were represented by Sagitta bedoti, S.enflata, S.oceanica and Krohnitta pacifica (Nair, 1971). Copepods were represented by a number of species, important among them being the genus Eucalanus sp. and Calocalanus sp. Macrohenthic Population: The macrobenthic population of the Vembanad Lake has been reported by Ansari (1974) and Pillay (1979), with the abundance of polychaetes, bivalves, decapods and amphipods. There was a progressive decline in the salinity from the lower part of the backwaters towards upper reaches. Among the polychaetes Prionospio sp. was dominant. The molluscs were represented by Meretrix casta, Modiolus striatulus and Nuculana sp. Crabs were represented by Viaderiana sp. and Halicarnicus sp. According to Pillay (1977), two species of sea anemones, one each of Cirrianthus, Sipunculoidea, Echiuroidea, Echinodermata and five species of fishes were also found. Phytoplankton : The studies on the phytoplankton have been carried out by a number of workers. The study carried out by Devassy and Bhattathiri (1974) indicated that phytoplankton comprised of three main groups- diatoms, dinoflagellates and other algae - Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae. The phytoplankton showed a bimodal variation with peaks in May and November. Qasim et al. (1972) have recorded a negative correlation between salinity and abundance of plankton. According to Qasim (1980) the diatom Biddulphia sinensis occurs very abundantly in the estuary while Ceratius furca blooms during monsoon season. Tetraselmis gracillus is another common species. V. Bio-Resource Profile Wild bioresources i. Food / Feed a. Clam fisheries of Vembanad lake : The molluscan fisheries of Vembanad lake is exclusively sustained by black clam - Vellorita
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, \ Bioresources Status in Select C
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Preface Foreword Introduction Biore
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'ST. (~) ~ wrf Dr. (Mrs.) Manju Sha
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Preparation of status report and de
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Gulf of Kachchh II. Description of
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 5 : Natural w
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Gulf of Kachchh marine life. Out of
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Gulf of Kachchh same coast Spongomo
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Gulf of Kachchh Kachchh. Ninety-one
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Gulf of Kachchh involved in the res
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Gulf of Kachchh Parastromateus nige
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 14. Fishing c
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Gulf of Kachchh Table 16 : Cropping
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Gulf of Kachc Table Year 1897 1909
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Gulf of Kachchh VII. Conservation A
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Gulf of Kachchh their life cycle. S
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Gulf of Kachchh Eswaran, C.R, KR. N
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Gulf of Kachchh ABBREVATIONS FSI Fo
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Name of the island Majnr habitat Im
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I Name of the island (GPS Location)
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Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Loc
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Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name loc
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• Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name
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Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
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Page 54 and 55: Gulf of Kachchh VI. Checklist of mo
Page 56 and 57: Gullo! Kach.chh Species Name Common
Page 58 and 59: Gulf of Kachchh Species Name 1 (New
Page 60 and 61: Gulf of Kachchh Species Name Common
Page 62 and 63: Gulf of Kachchh IX. Checklist of th
Page 64 and 65: Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name 1 P
Page 66 and 67: Gulf of Kachchh Scientific Name Com
Page 68 and 69: Gulf of Kachchh Category Species Na
Page 70 and 71: Gulf of Kachchh Category 1 REPTILES
Page 72 and 73: .' Avicennia marina dense patch t._
Page 74 and 75: I. Introduction Malvan Bio-resource
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Page 78 and 79: I""F--r'--' -~------i, ~:::~::, "
Page 80 and 81: Sr.No. Variety 95-96 15. Ribbon fis
Page 82 and 83: A MAP- 6 Principal crops of Ratnagl
Page 84 and 85: threat of low fish production, 'low
Page 86 and 87: S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
Page 88 and 89: S.No. Name of the plant Vernacular
Page 90 and 91: S.No. + Preset and - Absent Name of
Page 92 and 93: S.No. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Page 94 and 95: Alphonso mangos Cashew fruit flower
Page 96 and 97: Vermicompost project demonstration
Page 98 and 99: Vembanad Lake The Vembanad Lake is
Page 100 and 101: Vembanad Lake b. Kumarakom (9°37'
Page 104 and 105: Vembanad Lake cyprinoides (Grey). A
Page 106 and 107: Vembanad Lake Estimates of live cla
Page 108 and 109: Vembanad Lake exploited from Vemban
Page 110 and 111: Vembanad Lake currents in these are
Page 112 and 113: Vembanad Lake Some of plant like Ce
Page 114 and 115: Vembanad Lake agrochemicals, sewage
Page 116 and 117: Vembanad Lake Kurup, B.M., M.J. Seb
Page 118 and 119: . Lakshadweep Islands I. Introducti
Page 120 and 121: Lakshadweep Islands iii. The Natura
Page 122 and 123: Lakshadweep Islands c. The Ocean Th
Page 124 and 125: Lakshadweep Islands 70000 soooo 500
Page 126 and 127: Lakshadweep Islands and, Scaveola k
Page 128 and 129: Lakshadweep Islands islands to impr
Page 130 and 131: Lakshadweep Islands take during the
Page 132 and 133: Lakshadweep Islands and thereafter
Page 134 and 135: Lakshadweep Islands 1. Pre-baiting
Page 136 and 137: Lakshadweep Islands increases the w
Page 138 and 139: Lakshadweep Islands Table 5 - Manag
Page 140 and 141: Lakshadweep Islands Acknowledgemen
Page 142 and 143: Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 2 Some
Page 144 and 145: Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 3 - Li
Page 146 and 147: Lakshadweep Islands I S.No. Name of
Page 148 and 149: Lakshadweep Islands Appendix 5 Sign
Page 150 and 151: Lakshadweep Islands 3. THE LAKSHADW
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L ak shad we e pis I and s 4. Vol.
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Lakshadweep Islands This would redu
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I!i ~ ~ - •• /II'f;~ If:~" "',.
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Pulicat Lake I. Introduction Pulica
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Pulicat Lake Figure 2 : River syste
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Pullcat Lake respect to certain con
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Pulicat Lake Figure 5. Annual Incom
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Pulicat Lake about 40 to 50 painted
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Pulicat Lake V. Bioresource Profile
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Pulicat Lake 1285 to 24768 in the f
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Pulicat Lake seeding procedures and
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Pulicat Lake and lagoons. which for
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Pulicat Lake SINo. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6
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Pulicat Lake REFERENCES Anantharama
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Pullea! Lake SI No. Name of the Vil
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Pulicat Lake SI Primary High Hr. Se
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Pulicat Lake SINo. SCIENTIFIC NAME
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Pulicat Lake SINo. COMMON NAME SCIE
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Pulicat Lake ANNEXURE -v Fishing Gr
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~ ~ 29 Thirumalainagar 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Pulicat Lake 42 Mugathuvarakuppam 3
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Light house village with traditiona
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I. Introduction Bhitarkanika In 199
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the absence of Nypa fruitcans (loca
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-- 2olf1 1981 1961 1941 1921 1901 D
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has indicated that macro and meio-f
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• Tantiapal fish landing center :
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to see whether the solar cookers we
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The ploughs and other implements ar
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the rice straw is exhausted. A few
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generate information that will help
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Kenneally, KF. (1982). Ma11{}roveof
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Bhitarkanika No. CommonName Zoologi
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Bhilarkanika Fish No. CommonName No
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1. Introduction Chilika Lake Chilik
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ii. Climate The state of Orissa is
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The central sector is moderately de
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asis of available data from an earl
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Table3:Distributionofmajorvasrularh
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A total number of 217 species of fi
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lake from the sea. The two openings
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Workshop/Seminar conference Table6:
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agricultural fields for the purpose
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from Chilika lake has fallen from 4
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in September, 2000. The old mouth a
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culture" of fish/shrimp that not on
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tourism around the world and guidel
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...::.-:.~--: .•.:...~ ~~ _.~--:.
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Malvan tahsil located along west co
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The Lakshadweep Islands are the onl
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Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary is
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3rfU~TTfmJ~ Executive Summary in Hi
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06-bioresourcesstatu.. - M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation

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