Black Genesis: The Prehistoric Origins of Ancient Egypt
Black Genesis: The Prehistoric Origins of Ancient Egypt
Black Genesis: The Prehistoric Origins of Ancient Egypt
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11. Hans Goedicke, “Harkhuf ’s Travels,” Journal <strong>of</strong> Near Eastern Studies 40, no. 1 (January 1981): 1–20.<br />
12. J. H. Breasted, <strong>Ancient</strong> Records <strong>of</strong> <strong>Egypt</strong>, Part I (Chicago: University <strong>of</strong> Chicago Press, 1906), 328.<br />
13. David B. O’Connor, and Stephen Quirke, Mysterious Lands (London: University College, Institute <strong>of</strong> Archaeology,<br />
2003), 10.<br />
14. Ibid.<br />
15. Claire Lalouette, Textes sacrés et textes pr<strong>of</strong>anes de l’ancienne <strong>Egypt</strong>e (Paris: Gallimard, 1984).<br />
16. Breasted, <strong>Ancient</strong> Records <strong>of</strong> <strong>Egypt</strong>, Part I, 328.<br />
17. Bill Manley, “Where Was the Kingdom <strong>of</strong> Yam?” in <strong>The</strong> Seventy Great Mysteries <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ancient</strong> <strong>Egypt</strong> (London:<br />
Thames and Hudson, 2003), 135.<br />
18. Goedicke, “Harkhuf ’s Travels,” 10.<br />
19. G. W. Murray, “Hakhuf ’s Third Journey,” Geographical Journal 131, no. 1 (March 1965): 72–75.<br />
20. A. J. Arkell, A History <strong>of</strong> the Sudan: From Earliest Times to 1821, 2nd ed., rev. (London: n.p., 1961), 43.<br />
21. M. Kobusiewicz and R. Schild, “<strong>Prehistoric</strong> Herdsmen, Focus on Archaeology,” Academia 3, no. 7 (2004): 20–23.<br />
22. R. Schild and F. Wendorf, “Forty Years <strong>of</strong> the Combined <strong>Prehistoric</strong> Expedition,” Archaeologia Polona 40 (2002):<br />
18.<br />
23. J. L. Wright, Libya, Chad and the Central Sahara (London: Hurst and Co., 1989), 22. See also R. F. Peel, “<strong>The</strong><br />
Tibu Peoples and the Libyan Desert,” Geographical Journal 100, no. 2 (August 1942), 73–87.<br />
24. Ahmed Hassanein, “Crossing the Untraversered Libyan Desert,” National Geographic Magazine, vol. XLVI, no. 3,<br />
September 1924.<br />
25. Wright, Libya, Chad and the Central Sahara, 22; Peel, “<strong>The</strong> Tibu Peoples and the Libyan Desert,” 73–87.<br />
26. G. Wilkinson, Topography <strong>of</strong> <strong>The</strong>bes and General View <strong>of</strong> <strong>Egypt</strong> (London: John Murray Publishers, 1835), 358–<br />
59.<br />
27. W. J. Harding King , Mysteries <strong>of</strong> the Libyan Desert (London: Century, 1925), 145.<br />
28. www.carlo-bergmann.de/Discoveries/discovery.htm Accessed August 10, 2010.<br />
29. www.carlo-bergmann.de/ex2004-5/expedition2004-5-2.htm.<br />
For more on the issue <strong>of</strong> “Mefat” see: C. Bergmann and Kl. P. Kuhlmann, “Die Expedition des Cheops,” GEO<br />
Special 5, 2001, pp. 120–27; Kl. P. Kuhlmann, “<strong>The</strong> ‘Oasis Bypath’ or <strong>The</strong> Issue <strong>of</strong> Desert Trade in Pharaonic<br />
Times,” in T. Lenssen-Erz, U. Tegtmeier, St. Kröpelin et al. (eds.), Tides <strong>of</strong> the Desert. Contributions to the<br />
Archaeology and Environmental History <strong>of</strong> Africa in Honour <strong>of</strong> Rudolf Kuper. Köln, 2002, pp. 133–38. Also R.<br />
Kuper and Fr. Forster, “Khufu’s ‘mefat’ expeditions into the Libyan Desert,” <strong>Egypt</strong>ian Archaeology 23, 2003, pp.<br />
25–28.<br />
30. Ibid.<br />
31. Mark Lehner, <strong>The</strong> Complete Pyramids (London: Thames and Hudson, 1997), 120.<br />
32. Stefan Kropelin, and Rudolph Kuper, “More Corridors to Africa,” Cripel 26 (2006–2007), 219–29.<br />
33. G. Burkhard, “Inscriptions in the Dakhla Region,” Sahara 9 (1997), 152–53.<br />
34. Zahi Hawass and Lyla Pich Brock, <strong>Egypt</strong>ology at the Dawn <strong>of</strong> the Twenty-first Century: History, Religion (Cairo:<br />
American University in Cairo Press, 2004), 374.<br />
35. Richard A. Bermann, “Historic Problems <strong>of</strong> the Libyan Desert,” Geographical Journal 83, no. 6 (June 1934): 456–<br />
63.<br />
36. Ibid.<br />
37. Frank Förster, “With Donkeys, Jars and Water Bags into the Libyan Desert: <strong>The</strong> Abu Ballas Trail in the Late Old<br />
Kingdom/First Intermediate Period,” British Museum SAES 7 (September 2007): 7.<br />
38. Stefan Kropelin and Rudolph Kuper, “More Corridors to Africa,” 220.<br />
39. Joseph Clayton, Aloisia De Trafford, and Mark Borda, “A Hieroglyphic Inscription Found at Jebel Uweinat