Violence and Serenity: Late Buddhist Sculpture from Indonesia

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Violence and Serenity Late Buddhist Sculpture from Indonesia Natasha Reichle University of Hawai‘i Press | Honolulu
Publication of this book has been aided by a grant from the Millard Meiss Publication Fund of the College Art Association. © 2007 University of Hawai‘i Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 12 11 10 09 08 07 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reichle, Natasha. Violence and serenity : late Buddhist sculpture from Indonesia / Natasha Reichle. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8248-2924-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Sculpture, Buddhist — Indonesia. 2. Sculpture — Indonesia. I. Title. NB1912.B83R44 2007 730.9598 — dc22 2007002856 University of Hawai‘i Press books are printed on acidfree paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources. Designed by April Leidig-Higgins Printed by Thomson-Shore, Inc.
Page 1 and 2: Violence Late Buddhist Sculpture fr
Page 6: contents vii Acknowledgments ix A N
Page 9 and 10: sians helped me find my way during
Page 12: ulers of the singasari and majapahi
Page 15 and 16: figure i.1. Bhairava, mid-fourteent
Page 17 and 18: most important issues faced by hist
Page 19 and 20: figure i.4. Central and East Java r
Page 21 and 22: major archaeological sites in Sumat
Page 23 and 24: in Java were probably not the objec
Page 25 and 26: with the attributes of the Aks ˙ o
Page 28 and 29: Chapter One The Development of Budd
Page 30 and 31: curement of magic powers. Several o
Page 32 and 33: king with a bodhisattva, a practice
Page 34 and 35: originated from Anurādhapura in Sr
Page 36 and 37: Chapter Two Joko Dolok and the Poli
Page 38 and 39: figure 2.2. Joko Dolok, rear of fig
Page 40 and 41: figure 2.3. Meditating monk, mid-ni
Page 42 and 43: two realms, Janggala (later known a
Page 44 and 45: initiation into that cult.24 It is
Page 46 and 47: the eighth and tenth centuries, hav
Page 48 and 49: The divinities Wairocana and Locan
Page 50 and 51: which some scholars contend contain
Page 52 and 53: Whether the mantras got their power
Page 54 and 55:
Aks ˙ obhya is an embodiment of th
Page 56 and 57:
in the Nāgarakr ˙ tāgama, was pr
Page 58 and 59:
other than chronological were used.
Page 60 and 61:
figure 2.9. Seated male (Jayavarman
Page 62:
epresents Kr ˙ tanagara, it would
Page 65 and 66:
figure 3.1. Prajñāpāramitā (sam
Page 67 and 68:
and two thicker plain bands. At the
Page 69 and 70:
Diana Paul writes that certain deit
Page 71 and 72:
figure 3.2. Prajñāpāramitā, ca.
Page 73 and 74:
figure 3.5. Headless Prajñāpāram
Page 75 and 76:
figure 3.6. Prajñāpāramitā, hea
Page 77 and 78:
oots. On either side, one stem of t
Page 79 and 80:
figure 3.11. Prajñāpāramitā, ch
Page 81 and 82:
figure 3.12. Prajñāpāramitā, ha
Page 83 and 84:
saw her and was captivated.51 This
Page 85 and 86:
We do not know what is meant by the
Page 87 and 88:
elief in a transitional period afte
Page 89 and 90:
figure 3.14. Vis ˙ n ˙ u on Garud
Page 91 and 92:
figure 3.15. Standing female deity,
Page 93 and 94:
artist to depict an individual? Or
Page 95 and 96:
figure 3.16. Prajñāpāramitā, la
Page 98 and 99:
Chapter Four The Many Roles of the
Page 100 and 101:
are convincing. Other temples with
Page 102 and 103:
sculpture; images from the Majapahi
Page 104 and 105:
figure 4.4. Head of Amoghapāśa, C
Page 106 and 107:
with a short and stout body. He has
Page 108 and 109:
figure 4.8. Sudhanakumāra, ca. 126
Page 110 and 111:
figure 4.12. Hayagrīva, detail of
Page 112 and 113:
figure 4.15. Amoghapāśa, inscript
Page 114 and 115:
figure 4.17. Aks ˙ obhya, Ratnasam
Page 116 and 117:
figure 4.19. Narrative relief from
Page 118 and 119:
armed forms date no later than the
Page 120 and 121:
generally posed in a stiffer stance
Page 122 and 123:
figure 4.21. Amoghapāśa, second h
Page 124 and 125:
figure 4.22. Amoghapāśa, Pura Pus
Page 126 and 127:
scholars had posited that candi wer
Page 128 and 129:
Pigeaud, pratisthā, a word meaning
Page 130 and 131:
seems that the daughter does not se
Page 132 and 133:
figure 4.23. Amoghapāśa plaque, i
Page 134 and 135:
figure 4.24. Amoghapāśa (same as
Page 136 and 137:
the base of the stele. Amoghapāśa
Page 138 and 139:
figure 4.27. Saptaratna, proper rig
Page 140 and 141:
date through a series of complex as
Page 142 and 143:
Marie Thérèse de Mallmann also no
Page 144 and 145:
In mainland Southeast Asia, especia
Page 146 and 147:
Chapter Five A Charnel House of Ima
Page 148 and 149:
ituals of esoteric Buddhism and tha
Page 150 and 151:
the statue was made locally.13 The
Page 152 and 153:
Blood flowed down, smelling badly,
Page 154 and 155:
figure 5.5. Heruka, ca. eleventh ce
Page 156 and 157:
figure 5.6. Lokanātha and Tārā,
Page 158 and 159:
Batak language to argue that the ki
Page 160 and 161:
figure 5.8. (Above) Statuary at Pad
Page 162 and 163:
figure 5.10. Head of a dvārapāla,
Page 164 and 165:
figure 5.14. Relief of figure with
Page 166 and 167:
figure 5.18. (Above) Reliefs, Biaro
Page 168 and 169:
pose) and carrying a khat ˙ vān˙
Page 170 and 171:
While other evidence suggests that
Page 172 and 173:
conquest, but that violence was the
Page 174 and 175:
following uses: “To make the rain
Page 176 and 177:
dense (if rapidly vanishing) forest
Page 178 and 179:
Buddha (as lord teacher) and his di
Page 180 and 181:
Chapter Six The National Museum’s
Page 182 and 183:
of the statue, I will show the uniq
Page 184 and 185:
figure 6.3. Side view of figure 6.2
Page 186 and 187:
figure 6.6. (Left) Mahākāla, ca.
Page 188 and 189:
of the back slab is missing; presum
Page 190 and 191:
slightly splayed, and with one arm
Page 192 and 193:
figure 6.11. The door guardians Nan
Page 194 and 195:
figure 6.14. (Above) Gan ˙ eśa, c
Page 196 and 197:
figure 6.17. Gan ˙ eśa, fourteent
Page 198 and 199:
figure 6.18. Bhairava, ca. 1300, fr
Page 200 and 201:
figure 6.20. Pārvatī and retinue,
Page 202 and 203:
peacock, evidently representing Kā
Page 204 and 205:
dence for this supposition. A few e
Page 206 and 207:
figure 6.25. West Sumatra ing a twe
Page 208 and 209:
the base of the Amoghapāśa sculpt
Page 210 and 211:
ents and family from this world to
Page 212 and 213:
Sumatran cousin and displays a slig
Page 214 and 215:
The Sumatran bhairava has both a mu
Page 216 and 217:
The first part of the inscription g
Page 218 and 219:
spread throughout much of Sumatra,
Page 220 and 221:
figure 6.31. Minang dagger figure 6
Page 222:
Puluah Kota region. There are hundr
Page 225 and 226:
figure c.1. Ken Dedes, 1975, by Jim
Page 227 and 228:
ava from Sungai Langsat have no dou
Page 230 and 231:
Notes Abbreviations BEFEO Bulletin
Page 232 and 233:
ut also compiled the biographies of
Page 234 and 235:
of the Asiatic Society (Calcutta),
Page 236 and 237:
Mandala?” East and West 46.3-4 (1
Page 238 and 239:
26. Ibid. Chandra associates Mahāk
Page 240 and 241:
66. Ibid. 67. W. H. Rassers, “Śi
Page 242 and 243:
98. J. E. van Lohuizen-de Leeuw,
Page 244 and 245:
pointing upward, led Rouffaer to co
Page 246 and 247:
67. Robert F. Hefner, Hindu Javanes
Page 248 and 249:
Candi (Leiden: KITLV Press, 1990);
Page 250 and 251:
use of lotus plants, the fillet and
Page 252 and 253:
92. Pigeaud, Java in the 14th Centu
Page 254 and 255:
135. Marie Therese de Mallmann, Int
Page 256 and 257:
22. Canto 125 of Santoso, Sutasoma,
Page 258 and 259:
simply that Śrīvijaya was an irri
Page 260 and 261:
For more criticism of Marco Polo, s
Page 262 and 263:
fourteenth centuries. C. M. Pleyte,
Page 264 and 265:
locally. Stanley J. O’Connor, “
Page 266 and 267:
awarman is mentioned in the Kubu Ra
Page 268 and 269:
Java. Java is never mentioned, and
Page 270:
out to carry off a head, for instan
Page 273 and 274:
Benda, Harry Jindrich, and John A.
Page 275 and 276:
1500.” In The Cambridge History o
Page 277 and 278:
travels in India and Ceylon (A.D. 3
Page 279 and 280:
——— . “Het Sanskrit-inschri
Page 281 and 282:
——— . “Ganesha van de Berg
Page 283 and 284:
Oey, Eric M., ed. Sumatra: Island o
Page 285 and 286:
Lembah Sungai Batanghari.” In Sem
Page 287 and 288:
Tambiah, Stanley J. The Buddhist Co
Page 290 and 291:
Illustration Credits Any photograph
Page 292 and 293:
index Page numbers in bold indicate
Page 294 and 295:
also Heruka statue (Biaro Bahal II)
Page 296 and 297:
Dīpam˙ kara Buddha: footprints, 2
Page 298 and 299:
Klokke, Marijke, 45, 77-78 Korawasr
Page 300 and 301:
20, 105; of rulers to ancestor temp
Page 302:
Jago, 92-94, 94, 97; Mongol-Tibetan
Page 305:
Production Notes for Reichle | viol
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