Violence and Serenity: Late Buddhist Sculpture from Indonesia

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A Note on Spelling and Transliteration This book draws upon many sources, which in turn have used differ- ing ways of transliterating Sanskrit and Old Javanese or Malay words. To try to maintain some kind of coherence throughout the text, I have used Sanskrit spellings for most words and names. In an Indonesian context, the letter v would be replaced by a w; for instance Śiwa instead of Śiva. I have maintained the Javanese spelling only for the names of rulers, or in quotations from other sources.
Page 1 and 2: Violence Late Buddhist Sculpture fr
Page 4 and 5: Violence and Serenity Late Buddhist
Page 6: contents vii Acknowledgments ix A N
Page 9: sians helped me find my way during
Page 14 and 15: Introduction At the heart of the Mu
Page 16 and 17: figure i.2. Prajñāpāramitā, ca.
Page 18 and 19: figure i.3. Indonesia
Page 20 and 21: figure i.5. Sumatra part of Indones
Page 22 and 23: tion. Fierce statues were erected i
Page 24 and 25: of the image, one can see how the s
Page 26: Like several of the previously disc
Page 29 and 30: According to Yijing, the Buddhism o
Page 31 and 32: figure 1.1. Inscribed stone, sevent
Page 33 and 34: y hearing his name, an extraordinar
Page 35 and 36: during several periods of construct
Page 37 and 38: figure 2.1. Joko Dolok, 1289, Taman
Page 39 and 40: The Image The thirteenth-century Jo
Page 41 and 42: figure 2.5. Seated figure in bhūmi
Page 43 and 44: seem to play a significant role.16
Page 45 and 46: devotion and mentions Mahāks ˙ ob
Page 47 and 48: This is why he held fast to esoteri
Page 49 and 50: the building.)47 Chandra interprets
Page 51 and 52: dian subcontinent but also to where
Page 53 and 54: present, manifesting themselves, an
Page 55 and 56: On the west is Amitabha, (he is) Ma
Page 57 and 58: figure 2.6. Candi Jawi, early fourt
Page 59 and 60: figure 2.8. Standing figure, ca. th
Page 61 and 62:
figure 2.10. Head of a male (Jayava
Page 64 and 65:
Chapter Three Ideas of Portraiture
Page 66 and 67:
pāramitā is uncertain. The Dutch
Page 68 and 69:
onto the cushion. Behind her left k
Page 70 and 71:
white lotus. Yellow in complexion,
Page 72 and 73:
tenth century. Often she is paired
Page 74 and 75:
slab are missing, and the base of t
Page 76 and 77:
figure 3.8. Prajñāpāramitā, mid
Page 78 and 79:
figure 3.9. Candi Gumpung, Muara Ja
Page 80 and 81:
The exquisitely carved statue is da
Page 82 and 83:
termine where the statue was manufa
Page 84 and 85:
long passage of the Nāgarakrtāgam
Page 86 and 87:
Although the text does not specific
Page 88 and 89:
dead. Families bring food to grave
Page 90 and 91:
The information provided by the Nā
Page 92 and 93:
with specific people, just that the
Page 94 and 95:
As S. Supomo writes in “The Image
Page 96:
early nineteenth century it was tak
Page 99 and 100:
figure 4.1. Candi Jago, ca. thirtee
Page 101 and 102:
figure 4.2. Amoghapāśa, ca. 1268-
Page 103 and 104:
figure 4.3. Amoghapāśa, Candi Jag
Page 105 and 106:
in this world, and eight for those
Page 107 and 108:
figure 4.6. Śyāmatārā, ca. 1268
Page 109 and 110:
figure 4.10. Sudhanakumāra, detail
Page 111 and 112:
figure 4.14. Amoghapāśa, 1286, Ra
Page 113 and 114:
figure 4.16. Amoghapāśa plaque, b
Page 115 and 116:
figure 4.18. Māmakhī, ca. 1268-12
Page 117 and 118:
until returning to Kaśmīr in 1213
Page 119 and 120:
figure 4.20. Amoghapāśa and his a
Page 121 and 122:
may have been entering Java from No
Page 123 and 124:
during the Central Javanese period.
Page 125 and 126:
with a portable divine image — li
Page 127 and 128:
itual deposit that would ensure the
Page 129 and 130:
This wonderfully evocative passage
Page 131 and 132:
The bronzes closely resemble the pr
Page 133 and 134:
It is true that, on one level, the
Page 135 and 136:
in 1284, he sent forces to subjugat
Page 137 and 138:
figure 4.25. Śyāmatārā and Sudh
Page 139 and 140:
And officials, priests and scholars
Page 141 and 142:
figure 4.29. Ādityavarman’s insc
Page 143 and 144:
Possessed by the goddess, she will
Page 145 and 146:
discussed images of Joko Dolok and
Page 147 and 148:
figure 5.1. Heruka, ca. eleventh-tw
Page 149 and 150:
figure 5.2. Padang Lawas skullcap i
Page 151 and 152:
ful deities (krodha-vighnāntaka) w
Page 153 and 154:
figure 5.4. Heruka, ca. eleventh ce
Page 155 and 156:
The Builders of Padang Lawas The pr
Page 157 and 158:
inscription was found on a pillar t
Page 159 and 160:
figure 5.7. Biaro Bahal I, eleventh
Page 161 and 162:
All of these sculptures are at leas
Page 163 and 164:
figure 5.12. Relief of figure with
Page 165 and 166:
figure 5.17. Lion relief, Biaro Bah
Page 167 and 168:
figure 5.20. Bhairava and bhairavi,
Page 169 and 170:
found bearing images of the directi
Page 171 and 172:
They are idolaters; and I will tell
Page 173 and 174:
figure 5.23. (Left) Drawing of Heru
Page 175 and 176:
Batak Accounts of Padang Lawas Spec
Page 177 and 178:
figure 5.26. (Above) Fragments of H
Page 179 and 180:
(a dusty warehouse) at Biaro Bahal
Page 181 and 182:
figure 6.1. Gan ˙ eśa, eighth-nin
Page 183 and 184:
figure 6.2. Bhairava (same as i.1),
Page 185 and 186:
figure 6.4. Detail of figure 6.2 (a
Page 187 and 188:
cately carved bands of pearls, flow
Page 189 and 190:
figure 6.9. Dvārapāla, ninth cent
Page 191 and 192:
Gan ˙ eśa Images After the juxtap
Page 193 and 194:
figure 6.12. (Above) Gan ˙ eśa, c
Page 195 and 196:
figure 6.16. Gan ˙ eśa, fourteent
Page 197 and 198:
ing on each statue. The sarong and
Page 199 and 200:
figure 6.19. Detail of figure 6.18
Page 201 and 202:
figure 6.21. (Above) Pārvatī and
Page 203 and 204:
figure 6.23. (Above) Camundī, deta
Page 205 and 206:
(fig. 6.25). In a 1939 article, F.
Page 207 and 208:
figure 6.26. Bhairava (same as figu
Page 209 and 210:
Jayawardhana, while the other, Dara
Page 211 and 212:
a title without a name or function,
Page 213 and 214:
figure 6.29. Bhairava, Candi Jago (
Page 215 and 216:
plex and fairly regular, the meanin
Page 217 and 218:
Where Kern interpreted hāçāno as
Page 219 and 220:
and its basis for his dominion over
Page 221 and 222:
possibly the vajra handle of a weap
Page 224 and 225:
Conclusion In Forgotten Kingdoms of
Page 226 and 227:
over Ken Dedes, the fact that the f
Page 228:
the other hand, much archaeology re
Page 231 and 232:
4. J. Kats, Sang Hyang Kamahāyāni
Page 233 and 234:
Jambi.” E. Edwards McKinnon, “E
Page 235 and 236:
43. The origins of the Śailendras
Page 237 and 238:
9. Nāg., canto 43:2c: “The name
Page 239 and 240:
46. Nāg., canto 57. 47. A. J. Bern
Page 241 and 242:
manors of the superintendents of th
Page 243 and 244:
17. Diana Y. Paul, Women in Buddhis
Page 245 and 246:
onze image is obviously different f
Page 247 and 248:
86. See J. G. de Casparis and I. W.
Page 249 and 250:
24. Māmakhī is at the British Mus
Page 251 and 252:
65. J. Filliozat, “Sur le Civaism
Page 253 and 254:
115. S. Huntington, Art of Ancient
Page 255 and 256:
9. While paintings of this deity ar
Page 257 and 258:
India; but of a permanent and conti
Page 259 and 260:
77. Bosch proposes that the identit
Page 261 and 262:
113. Mulia, Ancient Kingdom, 9. 114
Page 263 and 264:
Gan ˙ eśa Statuary of the Kad ˙
Page 265 and 266:
40. Schnitger, Forgotten Kingdoms,
Page 267 and 268:
64. Bosch notes that praudha means
Page 269 and 270:
Press, 1970), 58. In 1374 tribute w
Page 272 and 273:
Selected Bibliography Adam, T. “O
Page 274 and 275:
——— . “De Inscriptie van Ke
Page 276 and 277:
Crucq, K. C. “Een Portretbeeld de
Page 278 and 279:
Hasibuan, Jamaluddin S. Batak Art a
Page 280 and 281:
Krijger, Hugo E. “Kathmandu Valle
Page 282 and 283:
Miksic, John, ed. Art of Indonesia.
Page 284 and 285:
von Rosenberg, H. “Hindoe-bouwval
Page 286 and 287:
Speyer, J. S. “Eene Buddhistische
Page 288:
Zoetmulder, P. J. Kalangwan: A Surv
Page 291 and 292:
4.29: Ādityavarman’s inscription
Page 293 and 294:
asceticism: in portraiture, 45-47;
Page 295 and 296:
Candi Gumpung (Muara Jambi), 65, 65
Page 297 and 298:
242nn.9, 16; religious practices of
Page 299 and 300:
missionaries: and Batak, 158-159, 1
Page 301 and 302:
39, 227n.70; standing figure (Mt. P
Page 304 and 305:
about the author Natasha Reichle re
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