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24 SOTOMAYOR-RAMÍREZ ET AL./TROPICAL SOILS<br />

(us<strong>in</strong>g the fumigati<strong>on</strong> extracti<strong>on</strong> technique). Increas<strong>in</strong>g MBC values<br />

may be of benefit for <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g C storage <strong>in</strong> the <strong>soil</strong>s and for reduc<strong>in</strong>g<br />

CO 2 emissi<strong>on</strong>s to the atmosphere.<br />

This study evaluated the dynamic nature of microbial biomass and<br />

ancillary properties which can serve as <strong>soil</strong> <strong>quality</strong> <strong>in</strong>dicators of change<br />

as a result of vegetat<strong>in</strong>g a <strong>highly</strong> <strong>degraded</strong> <strong>tropical</strong> acid <strong>soil</strong>. Soils under<br />

differ<strong>in</strong>g vegetative materials receive <strong>in</strong>puts from aboveground and<br />

belowground primary producti<strong>on</strong> which <str<strong>on</strong>g><strong>in</strong>fluence</str<strong>on</strong>g>s SOM pools and<br />

their fracti<strong>on</strong>s. In additi<strong>on</strong> to the effects of vegetati<strong>on</strong>, the parameters<br />

studied and their relati<strong>on</strong>ships appear to be <str<strong>on</strong>g><strong>in</strong>fluence</str<strong>on</strong>g>d by envir<strong>on</strong>mental<br />

factors (moisture, depth, and time after disturbance). A better<br />

understand<strong>in</strong>g of microbial processes is needed <strong>in</strong> order to use bio-<strong>in</strong>dicators<br />

to m<strong>on</strong>itor changes <strong>in</strong> <strong>soil</strong> <strong>quality</strong> as a result of <strong>soil</strong> management<br />

practices.<br />

LITERATURE CITED<br />

Anders<strong>on</strong>, T. H. and K. H. Domsch, 1990. Applicati<strong>on</strong> of ecophysiological quotients<br />

(qCO2 &qD) <strong>on</strong> microbial biomasses from <strong>soil</strong>s of different cropp<strong>in</strong>g histories. Soil<br />

Biol. Biochem. 22:251-255.<br />

Barkle, G. F., R. Stenger, P. L. S<strong>in</strong>glet<strong>on</strong> and D. J. Pa<strong>in</strong>ter, 2000. Effect of regular irrigati<strong>on</strong><br />

with dairy farm effluent <strong>on</strong> <strong>soil</strong> organic matter and <strong>soil</strong> microbial biomass.<br />

Aust. J. Soil Res. 38:1087-1097.<br />

Bray, R. H. and L. T. Kurtz, 1945. Determ<strong>in</strong>ati<strong>on</strong> of total, organic and available forms of<br />

phosphorus <strong>in</strong> <strong>soil</strong>. Soil Sci. 59: 39-45.<br />

Bremner, J. M. and C. S. Mulvaney, 1982. Nitrogen-total. pp. 595–624. In A. L. Page et<br />

al. (ed.). Methods of <strong>soil</strong> analysis. Part 2. sec<strong>on</strong>d editi<strong>on</strong>. Agr<strong>on</strong>. M<strong>on</strong>ogr. 9. ASA,<br />

SSSA, Madis<strong>on</strong>, WI.<br />

Brookes, P. C., A. Landman, G. Prudent and D. S. Jenk<strong>in</strong>s<strong>on</strong>, 1985. Chloroform fumigati<strong>on</strong><br />

and the release of <strong>soil</strong> nitrogen: a rapid direct extracti<strong>on</strong> method to measure<br />

microbial biomass nitrogen <strong>in</strong> <strong>soil</strong>. Soil Biol. Biochem. 17:837-842.<br />

Doran, J. W. and T. B. Park<strong>in</strong>, 1994. Def<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g and assess<strong>in</strong>g <strong>soil</strong> <strong>quality</strong>. pp. 3-21. In J. W.<br />

Doran et al. (ed.). Def<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>soil</strong> <strong>quality</strong> for a susta<strong>in</strong>able envir<strong>on</strong>ment. SSSA Spec.<br />

Pub. No. 35. ASA, SSSA, Madis<strong>on</strong>, WI.<br />

Duxbury, J. M., M. S. Smith and J. W. Doran, 1989. Soil organic matter as a source and a<br />

s<strong>in</strong>k of plant nutrients. pp. 33-67. In D. C. Coleman, J. M. Oades and G. Uehara<br />

(eds). Dynamis of <strong>soil</strong> organic matter <strong>in</strong> <strong>tropical</strong> ecosystems. NifTAL Project, University<br />

of Hawaii, Hawaii at Manoa.<br />

Duxbury, J. M. and S. V. Nkambule, 1994. Assessment and significance of biologically active<br />

<strong>soil</strong> organic nitrogen. pp. 125-146. In J. W. Doran et al. (ed.). Def<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>soil</strong> <strong>quality</strong><br />

for a susta<strong>in</strong>able envir<strong>on</strong>ment. SSSA Spec. Pub. No. 35. ASA, SSSA, Madis<strong>on</strong>,<br />

WI, USA.<br />

Greenland, D. J., A. Wild and D. Adams, 1992. Organic matter dynamics <strong>in</strong> <strong>soil</strong>s of the<br />

tropics—From myth to complex reality. pp. 17-33. In R. Lal and P. A. Sánchez (ed.).<br />

Myth and science of <strong>soil</strong>s of the tropics. SSSA Spec. Pub. No. 29. ASA, SSSA, Madis<strong>on</strong>,<br />

WI, USA.<br />

Groffman, P. M., W. H. McDowell, J. C. Myers and J. L. Merriam, 2001. Soil microbial<br />

biomass and activity <strong>in</strong> <strong>tropical</strong> riparian buffers. Soil Biol. Biochem. 33:1339-1348.

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