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EDIBLE AND POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF CANADA When a spore germinates it puts forth a slender thread called a hypha. This thread grows rapidly, develops cross walls or septa and becomes many- celled, then branches repeatedly, producing a mat of hyphae termed the mycelium. This is the vegetative part of the fungus from which the fruiting body or mushroom arises. The mushroom is composed of hyphae consisting of interwoven, branched, septate threads, although in some groups such as Lactarius and Russula there are also globular cells termed sphaerocysts in the tissue. The structure of the lamellae is of special interest because it is here that the spores are produced. If a section of a lamella is examined it is seen to be roughly wedge-shaped or triangular. The spores are produced on the outer surface in a definite layer called the hymenium whereas the central part is composed of more or less interwoven hyphae and is called the trama (Figure 42, p. 9). The hymenium consists of basidia, paraphyses, and sometimes cystidia. The basidia are the cells on which the spores are produced; each one has four little stalks at its apex and a spore develops on the tip of each stalk. Between the basidia there are cells somewhat similar in shape but lacking the stalks and never producing spores. These are the paraphyses. Their function is apparently to hold the basidia far enough apart that their slightly sticky spores will not become entangled and prevented from shooting forth. In some mushrooms there are also specialized cells of varying shape and size that project from the hymenium and are called cystidia. They may be rounded, pointed, thick- or thin-walled, sometimes encrusted, and variously shaped, but they are usually constant for each species. Cystidia may also occur on the surface of the pileus or on the stipe. Their exact function is still uncertain but when present they can be of great assistance in the identification of the species.
Figures 37-40. Semidiagrammatic drawings illustrating various types of basidia: 37, basidium of Agaricaceae (a spore, b sterigma, c basidium); 38, basidium of Tremellaceae with longitudinal septa; 39, deeply forked basidium of Dacrymycetaceae ; 40, basidium of Auriculariaceae with transverse septa. Figure 41. Semidiagrammatic drawing of: a ascus containing ascospores, b paraphysis. Figure 42. Diagram illustrating a small section of the lamella of a mushroom: a cystidium, b paraphyses, c basidium, d trama. Figure 43. Diagram of a transverse section of an apothecium: a hymenium composed of asci and paraphyses, b hypothecium, c stipe. Figure 44. Diagram of a transverse section of a perithecium: a ostiole, b perithecial wall, c asci and paraphyses.
Page 1: edible and poisonous mushrooms of C
Page 6 and 7: COVER : The Morchella esculenta (le
Page 8 and 9: Digitized by the Internet Archive i
Page 10 and 11: ©Minister of Supply and Services C
Page 12 and 13: Page Phaeolepiota 190 Flammula 1 90
Page 14 and 15: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people have be
Page 16 and 17: EDIBLE AND POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF C
Page 38: EDIBLE AND POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF C
Page 42 and 43: 28 Figure 67. Lactarius deceptiviis
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Page 58: EDIBLE AND POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF C
Page 62: 90 V 92 Figures 90-92, Amanita caes
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EDIBLE AND POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF C
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RUSSULA RUSSULA MARIAE Peck Edible
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RUSSULA Solitary or gregarious on t
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AMANITA pruinose, pellicle scarcely
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AMANITA 12. Volva powdery; pileus n
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AMANITA This mushroom has been know
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AMANITA AMANITA GEMMATA (Fr.) Gill.
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AMANITA pallid or grayish on the bu
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AMANITA This large Amanita, with it
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Figure 150, Lepiota naucina. Note t
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LIMACELLA AMANITOPSIS VAGINATA Fr.
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LEPIOTA Amanita virosa for it. For
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LEPIOTA L. brunnea is distinguished
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LEPIOTA to buff or leather color, s
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ARMILLARIA IMPERIALIS (Fries in Lun
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PLEUROTUS 6. Pileus thin, fragile,
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PLEUROTUS usually lateral or almost
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CLITOCYBE cooking. According to Sin
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109
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Ill
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113
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115
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CLITOCYBE ADIRONDACKENSIS (Pk.) Sac
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CLITOCYBE grayish brown when moist,
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CLITOCYBE dense clusters separate i
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LEUCOPAXILLUS cream, or pale tan on
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TRICHOLOMA 8. Pileus with prominent
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TRICHOLOMA glabrous, sometimes stri
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TRICHOLOMA TRICHOLOMA SEJUNCTUM (So
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HYGROPHORUS MELANOLEUCA ALBOFLAVIDA
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133
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\ 135
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Key HYGROPHORUS 1. Pileus viscid 2
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HYGROPHORUS thick, equal or taperin
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HYGROPHORUS HYGROPHORUS MINIATUS Fr
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HYGROPHORUS thick especially next t
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LACCARIA LACCARIA Species of Laccar
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XEROMPHALINA TENUIPES (Schw.) Smith
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COLLYBIA finally pale yellow, flesh
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COLLYBIA bitter. The dense clusters
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245. Pluteus cervinus. 247. Volvari
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156 to 5 o 3
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267. Pholiota aurivella. 269. F. ca
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176 ^ yj/s^^^ 119 Figure 277. Mycen
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293. Crepidotus fulvotomentosus. 29
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196 Figures 303-304. Lentinus lepid
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214 317. Gyroporus cyanescens. 319.
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Figures 327-329. Volvariella specio
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234 Figures 341-350 341. Cortinariu
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236 «3 O ft. «0
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254 ^;"'"l*'' 363, C lavaria fusifo
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256
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EDIIiLH AND POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF
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HDIBLE AND POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF C
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Figures 374-383 374. Geastrum tripl
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282 Figure 384. Hebeloma sinapizans
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284 00 90 3
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286 Figures 390-391. Coprinus atram
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288 Figure 394. Panaeolus foeniseci
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290 4 *• Figure 398. Clavaria cin
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292 Figures 404-405. Calvatia gigan
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294 ,' Figure 409. Helvetia crispa.
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296 Figure 413. Pleurotus serotinus
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298 00 .ex -5 a 3 00 3
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300 Figure 420. CUtopilus abortivus
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302 I Figure 424. Panaeolus retirug
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304
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306 Figure 430. Gyromitra infula.
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ABBREVIATIONS OF NAMES OF AUTHORS A
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filiform: very slender, thread-like
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abietina, Russula 62, 74 abortivus,
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Dacrymycetaceae 23, 24, 245 dealbat
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luteovirens, Armillaria 266 lutesce
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septenlrionale, Hydnum 241 sericeum
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ADDENDUM S. A. Redhead Biosystemati
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NOMENCLATURAL AND TAXONOMIC UPDATE
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nigricans, Russula nitidus, Hygroph
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CAL'BCA OTTAWA K1A 0C5 >073 0018510
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