Underground Rivers - University of New Mexico

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Evaporation Ocean Chapter 7 -- The Concept of Circulation The Dual Hydrologic Cycle with Rain-Fed Caverns But we'll not advance our schematic beyond the thoughts of the times. The challenge isn't that of drawing arrows; it is that of explaining how the arrows work. The diagrams below illustrate the dual mechanisms by which water returns from the sea to upland streams, Ecclesiastes 1:7 as schematic. The superterranean means was agreed upon by all -- it is the sun's power that draws water upwards. The motor on the left, the energy propelling subterranean streamflow -- for of course it's down there -- was yet unknown. Springs Ocean Precipitation Rivers Underground Rivers Clouds Land Caverns Precipitation Springs Springs Ocean As we'll see in the chapter ahead, we've had lots of ideas about circulation. As Ramazzini would have phrased it, "Avia, Pervia!" DRAFT 1122//66//22001122 Uppddaatteess aatt hhttttpp::////www. .uunnm. .eedduu//~rrhheeggggeenn//UnnddeerrggrroouunnddRi ivveerrss. .hhttml l 70
Chapter 8 -- Transmuational and Biologic Engines CHAPTER 8 TRANSMUTATIONAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINES Having arrived on the shores of scientific inquiry, let us take stock of where we've traveled. The myth of underground rivers has been rooted in Western culture since the time of the Greeks. According to the Romans, there were many such rivers in distant lands. Reinterpreted in accordance with medieval theology, belief in such waterways acquired parochial authority. But few pondered what powers such waters to the elevations of efflux? According to Aquinas, "streams... in the habit of doing this" are "something that everybody knows." To Renaissance thinkers, however, the aesthetic of circular watercourses -- down the mountain slope and back up the interior -- begged for envisionable explanation. It fell upon infant science, still laden with mythological legacy, but at last beginning to seek objectivity, to deduce the mechanism of rivers that were presumed to run underground. Conceptual mechanization was by no means a straight-forward process, as noted as late as the 17th century by mathematician, physicist and magician Gaspar Schott (1608-1666). From his Anatomia Physico-Hydrostatica Fontium ac Fluminum Explicata (1663), Sea water may be carried through subterranean canals to the surface of the earth and quite frequently to the top of the highest mountains. How this takes place in something which hitherto has baffled the minds of all and has led to an almost interminable amount of conjecturing. As to what might drive subterranean rivers upward, Schott has this to say in Athanasii Kircheri (1660), his commentary on a contemporary with whom we'll soon become better acquainted. We are of the opinion that some springs and rivers have their origin from subterranean air and vapors which have been condensed into water. Others from rain and snow which has soaked into the earth, the greatest number and the most important rivers, however, from sea water rising through subterranean passages and issuing as springs which flow continuously. And so the sea is not the only source, at least it does not distribute its water through underground passages to all these springs and rivers. But this statement would seem to run contrary to the clear teaching of Holy Writ found in Ecclesiastes, chapter 1 and verse 7, All rivers run to the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the place whence rivers cone, thither they return again. We're well acquainted with the Holy Writ, of course, from Chapter 6, but Schott, who was also a Jesuit, was in pursue of the "real meaning." The real meaning of these words however seems to be: All rivers run into the sea, from the place out of which they come, to it they flow back again. Consequently these which enter the sea have issued from the sea, and those which have issued from the sea return to it and enter it that they may flow out of it again. But all enter it and all return to it, therefore all have issued from it. But it does not follow that some, as we believe, have not come out of the sea by another road than that just mentioned. I am, therefore firmly of the opinion and again repeat, all rivers do not issue from the sea -- at least all do not make their exit directly out of the ocean into DRAFT 1122//66//22001122 Uppddaatteess aatt hhttttpp::////www. .uunnm. .eedduu//~rrhheeggggeenn//UnnddeerrggrroouunnddRi ivveerrss. .hhttml l 71
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Underground Rivers from the River S
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Regarding Copyright Copyright © 20
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Underground Rivers INTRODUCTION Hyd
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Underground Rivers CHAPTERS 1 Greek
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology CHAPTE
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology Oceanu
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology Recall
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology In his
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology DRAFT
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology At the
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology What p
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Chapter 2 -- Greek Philosophers Tha
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Chapter 2 -- Greek Philosophers Ana
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Theory: Chapter 12 -- Superterranea
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Chapter 12 -- Superterranean Metric
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Chapter 13 -- Hydrotheology/Theohyd
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Chapter 14 -- Hollow Earth Geophysi
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Case 3: Gravitation plus 17.1 rotat
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Singularities Chapter 15 -- The Mae
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The Tales Chapter 15 -- The Maelstr
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As in the sea between Scylla and Ch
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Unattributed, 1678 Chapter 15 -- Th
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In the sketch to the right, the Mos
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Chapter 15 -- The Maelstrom The etc
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Chapter 15 -- The Maelstrom In Chap
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He intended to say, Chapter 16 -- U
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Chapter 16 -- Underground Rivers in
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Willa Cather (1873-1947) Chapter 16
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books CHAPTER
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books Splash
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books On that
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No Tooth, No Quarter by (1989) by J
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books We've b
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Chapter 19 -- The Stratemeyer Boys
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Chapter 20 -- More Boys Club Serial
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Tanar of Pellucidar (1929) Chapter
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H. Rider Haggard Haggard's sequel t
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Jewels of Gwahlur (1935), a Conan t
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles The
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles ben
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Swa
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Jos
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles "If
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Tom
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April 1920 March 1923 May 1927 Chap
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August 1948 February 1950 September
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March 1960 July 1961 October 1975 C
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Chapter 22 -- Boys' Life Boy Scouts
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! CHAPTER 2
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! She calle
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Change th
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! river, Ja
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! In Five G
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Fans weren't at a loss for discussi
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Polly of
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! who has l
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Mary Q. S
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Here's a
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Final Thoughts Chapter 23 -- Girls,
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"The Underground River" Western Her
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Boys Clubs, too, help defeat Commun
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A page from the Flash Gordon # 10 r
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Super Heroes We'll begin with nine
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Batman #48, August-September 1948 B
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Superman #154, March 2000 Chapter 2
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Chapter 25 -- Radio Days and Saturd
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A couple of B-grade Durango Kid Wes
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As humankind nears extinction, a sc
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Chapter 26 -- Subterranean Water Bo
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Fictional underground river rides t
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If we don't want to pour water to C
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William Miller envisioned a contrap
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Contrapositioned topography does no
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Chapter 27 -- Virtualizing the Imag
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego CHA
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego Ovi
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Arcadian Landscape, undated, but no
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego Bas
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Art Chapter 29 -- The Underground R
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Destiny Chapter 29 -- The Undergrou
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Chapter 29 -- The Underground River
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Herbert Shore Elizabeth Ward Loughr
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Declan Kiberd Carlo Levi, R. and D.
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Alexander Saxton Andrew Rolle James
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John R. Reed Geoffrey Sanborn Alexa
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Jean Tardieu, The River Underground
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Chapter 30 -- Down to a Sunless Sea
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A few recent Sunless Sea book cover
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"Down-to Sunless Sea," Linda J Ging
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Chapter 31 -- Poems for Subterranea
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Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass (185
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx CHA
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx We
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx We'
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx "A
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We'll begin our book collection wit
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Lawrence Durrell, Down the Styx (19
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Jonathan King, The Styx (2010) Poet
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Underground Rivers - University of New Mexico

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