Underground Rivers - University of New Mexico

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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego The Alpheus, the peninsula's longest waterway, is mapped below in light blue; the southerly River Eurotas is in darker blue. DRAFT 1122//66//22001122 River Alpheus The red rectangle corresponds to Chapter 3's topographic map of modern rivers associated in name with those of the classical underground. The blue rectangle shows the headwater proximity of the Alpheus and Eurotas. The Olympic symbol marks the town by that name and the green arrow, the Alpheus outflow. Headwaters The aerial photo below corresponds to the blue rectangle above and shows approximate locations cited in four writings describing the Alpheus headwaters. We must be cautious, however, in connecting the dots, as geographic names have migrated over the centuries. We're more interested in cultural perceptions than actual plumbing. Alpheus in Arcadia For the source material in this chapter, we'll draw from several of the Roman Encyclopedists of Chapter 3. In Geogrpahia, Strabo (63 BC-24 AD) stated that the Alpheus and Eurotas rise from two fountains near Asea, and that, after flowing underground for several stadia [one stadia equals 150-200 meters], the Eurotas reappears at Bleminatis in Laconia, and the Alpheus in Arcadia. Uppddaatteess aatt hhttttpp::////www. .uunnm. .eedduu//~rrhheeggggeenn//UnnddeerrggrroouunnddRi ivveerrss. .hhttml l Eurotas in Laconia Megalopoli Mt. Tzimbaru Rhapsonati Asea Pegse Bleminatis Lake Taki Tegea Symbola Sarandapotamo Phylace 360
Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego Strabo's Geographia noted the popular belief that if two garlands dedicated to the Alpheus and the Eurotas were thrown into the stream before in plunged underground near Asea, each would reappear in its appropriate river, but Strabo, himself, disagreed for several reasons. They say that it is the river Alpheus which rises in the Peloponnesus, and that it flows through the land beneath the sea to the place where the Arethusa rises and flows into the sea. Some such proofs as these are given in support of the fact. 1. The cast up chalice A certain chalice having fallen into the river at Olympia was cast up by the springs of Arethusa; the fountain too is troubled by the sacrifices of oxen at Olympia. And Pindar, following such reports, thus sings, "Ortygia, revered place of reappearing of the Alpheus, The offset of renowned Syracuse." The fable of the chalice being carried over is likewise a mere fabrication, for it is not calculated for transfer, nor is it by any means probable it should be washed away so far, nor yet by such difficult passages. Many rivers, however, and in many parts of the world, flow beneath the earth, but none for so great a distance. As this chalice would prove to be long cited, we'll give it more attention a bit later in this chapter. 2. The lack of a chasm Undoubtedly if before reaching the sea the Alpheus were to fall into some chasm, there would be a probability that it continued its course from thence to Sicily,.. but since the mouth of the river manifestly falls into the sea, and there does not appear any opening in the bed of the sea there, which would be capable of imbibing the waters of the river. Were the Alpheus to empty into a visible chasm, however, Strabo implies that it would be plausible for the flow to continue a submarine course as far as Sicily. 3. The Arethusan spring's fresh water It might be possible to retain much of the character of fresh water, if they were presently to be swallowed down into a passage running below the earth which forms the bed of the sea. It is altogether impossible; and this the water of Arethusa clearly proves, being perfectly fit for beverage; but that the flow of the river should remain compact through so long a course, not mixing with the sea until it should fall into the fancied channel, is entirely visionary. Strabo finds the Alpheus to be entirely unlike the Rhone, which he indeed believed to flow underground. For we can scarcely credit it of the Rhone, the body of the waters of which remains compact during its passage through the lake, and preserves a visible course, but in that instance both the distance is short and the lake is not agitated by waves like the sea, but in this case of the Alpheus, where there are great storms and the waters are tossed with violence, the supposition is by no means worthy of attention. Strabo offers another possible source of the Alpheus, but as a citation not to be believed. Zoilus the rhetorician, in his Eulogium of the people of Tenedos [an Aegean island off modern Turkey] says that the river Alpheus flows from Tenedos DRAFT 1122//66//22001122 Uppddaatteess aatt hhttttpp::////www. .uunnm. .eedduu//~rrhheeggggeenn//UnnddeerrggrroouunnddRi ivveerrss. .hhttml l 361
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Underground Rivers from the River S
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Regarding Copyright Copyright © 20
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Underground Rivers INTRODUCTION Hyd
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Underground Rivers CHAPTERS 1 Greek
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology CHAPTE
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology Oceanu
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology Recall
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology In his
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology DRAFT
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology At the
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology What p
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Chapter 2 -- Greek Philosophers Tha
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Chapter 2 -- Greek Philosophers Ana
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Chapter 2 -- Greek Philosophers tha
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Chapter 2 -- Greek Philosophers Ari
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Chapter 3 -- Roman Encyclopedists C
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Chapter 3 -- Roman Encyclopedists S
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Chapter 3 -- Roman Encyclopedists B
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Chapter 3 -- Roman Encyclopedists I
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Chapter 3 -- Roman Encyclopedists I
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Chapter 3 -- Roman Encyclopedists R
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Chapter 3 -- Roman Encyclopedists A
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Chapter 4 -- The Cross Topographia
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Chapter 4 -- The Cross After the He
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Chapter 4 -- The Cross small portio
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Chapter 4 -- The Cross As Etymologi
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Chapter 5 -- The Crescent CHAPTER 5
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822 . Ninth and tenth centuries 981
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Chapter 5 -- The Crescent The Extra
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Chapter 6 -- And Back to the Cross
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Chapter 7 -- The Concept of Circula
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Chapter 8 -- Transmuational and Bio
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Terrestrial Arteries Chapter 8 -- T
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Chapter 9 -- Thermodynamic Engines
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Johann Joachim Becher's theory, put
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Chapter 10 -- Geophysical, Pnuemati
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Weight of the Sea Chapter 10 -- Geo
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Siphoning Chapter 10 -- Geophysical
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Method 2. Water Pump Chapter 10 --
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Chapter 11 -- Straining the Salt De
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Chapter 11 -- Straining the Salt Pl
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Chapter 11 -- Straining the Salt Ch
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Chapter 12 -- Superterranean Metric
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Theory: Chapter 12 -- Superterranea
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Chapter 13 -- Hydrotheology/Theohyd
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Chapter 14 -- Hollow Earth Geophysi
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Case 3: Gravitation plus 17.1 rotat
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Singularities Chapter 15 -- The Mae
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The Tales Chapter 15 -- The Maelstr
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As in the sea between Scylla and Ch
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Unattributed, 1678 Chapter 15 -- Th
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In the sketch to the right, the Mos
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Chapter 15 -- The Maelstrom The etc
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Chapter 15 -- The Maelstrom In Chap
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He intended to say, Chapter 16 -- U
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Chapter 16 -- Underground Rivers in
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Willa Cather (1873-1947) Chapter 16
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books CHAPTER
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books Splash
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books On that
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No Tooth, No Quarter by (1989) by J
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books We've b
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Chapter 19 -- The Stratemeyer Boys
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Chapter 20 -- More Boys Club Serial
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Tanar of Pellucidar (1929) Chapter
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H. Rider Haggard Haggard's sequel t
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Jewels of Gwahlur (1935), a Conan t
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles The
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles ben
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Swa
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Jos
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles "If
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles "We
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Tom
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles wou
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles The
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles In
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Fre
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Wha
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April 1920 March 1923 May 1927 Chap
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August 1948 February 1950 September
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March 1960 July 1961 October 1975 C
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Chapter 22 -- Boys' Life Boy Scouts
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! CHAPTER 2
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! She calle
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Change th
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! river, Ja
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! In Five G
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Fans weren't at a loss for discussi
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Polly of
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! who has l
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Mary Q. S
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Here's a
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Final Thoughts Chapter 23 -- Girls,
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"The Underground River" Western Her
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Boys Clubs, too, help defeat Commun
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A page from the Flash Gordon # 10 r
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Super Heroes We'll begin with nine
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Batman #48, August-September 1948 B
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Superman #154, March 2000 Chapter 2
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Chapter 25 -- Radio Days and Saturd
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Page 405 and 406: John R. Reed Geoffrey Sanborn Alexa
Page 407 and 408: Jean Tardieu, The River Underground
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Chapter 30 -- Down to a Sunless Sea
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Chapter 30 -- Down to a Sunless Sea
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A few recent Sunless Sea book cover
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"Down-to Sunless Sea," Linda J Ging
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Chapter 31 -- Poems for Subterranea
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Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass (185
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx CHA
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx We
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx We'
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx "A
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We'll begin our book collection wit
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Lawrence Durrell, Down the Styx (19
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Jonathan King, The Styx (2010) Poet
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