Underground Rivers - University of New Mexico

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Chapter 2 -- Greek Philosophers Heraclitus of Ephesus (540-475 BC) added the temporal dimension to questions of hydrology. “No man can twice step into the same river” isn’t just about rivers, of course, but about development and decay, a causal chain for water’s perpetual mobility. Heraclitus noted the following. The sun is a bowl, the concave side turned towards us, in which the bright exhalations from the sea collect and burn. The vapor, after kindling and going out again, reappears as dark clouds and fiery water spouts resembling smoke and comes down as water. As the sea is increased by rain, water passes into the earth. As the sea is diminished by evaporation, the earth is proportionally liquefied. At any moment, half of the sea is taking the downward path, having just been a fiery storm cloud, while half of it is going up, having just been earth. We're not told the means, but we can draw a schematic. Springs Ocean DRAFT 1122//66//22001122 Uppddaatteess aatt hhttttpp::////www. .uunnm. .eedduu//~rrhheeggggeenn//UnnddeerrggrroouunnddRi ivveerrss. .hhttml l 16
Chapter 2 -- Greek Philosophers Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (500-428 BC) lived in Athens until being accused of heresy for asserting that the sun is not a god. Anaxagoras solved the enigma of the Nile’s floods, which contrary to the regime of other Mediterranean rivers, occur in summer. To Anaxagoras, the flooding was due to Ethiopian snowmelt. Anaxagoras envisioned percolated rainfall gathered in subterranean caverns, hydrology’s first reservoir theory. Rivers depend for their existence on the rains and on the water within the earth, as the earth is hollow and has water in its cavities. The substratum rests on ether, the lightest of all elements, which in streaming upward, entrains cavern-trapped rain water and caries it to springheads. Streams that cease flowing in summer are fed from reservoirs too small to store enough water. Differing from Heraclitus, no new water is generated within the earth. Here's a schematic version of Anaxagoras' model. If the porous upper stratum is plugged by downpours, the ether may exit forcibly as an earthquake. Democritus (460-370 BC) held that the world was round and was composed of tiny atoms. His cosmology can be summarized by words from the poet Percy Shelley (1792-1822). Worlds on worlds are rolling ever From creation to decay, Like the bubbles on a river Sparkling, bursting, borne away. Springs Ether Ocean We will later turn to Democritus to explain how "salt" atoms might drive underground fresh-water rivers to mountain springs. Hippon of Samos (c. 450 BC) wrote that all rivers, springs and wells have their source in the ocean because the sea is the deepest, a unifying physical explanation for hydrologic linkage. While invalid in light of modern hydrostatics, we're more-and-more seeing a logic that's turning toward physical law. DRAFT 1122//66//22001122 Uppddaatteess aatt hhttttpp::////www. .uunnm. .eedduu//~rrhheeggggeenn//UnnddeerrggrroouunnddRi ivveerrss. .hhttml l 17
Page 1 and 2: Underground Rivers from the River S
Page 3 and 4: Regarding Copyright Copyright © 20
Page 5 and 6: Underground Rivers INTRODUCTION Hyd
Page 7 and 8: Underground Rivers CHAPTERS 1 Greek
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology CHAPTE
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Chapter 7 -- The Concept of Circula
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Chapter 7 -- The Concept of Circula
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Chapter 8 -- Transmuational and Bio
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Terrestrial Arteries Chapter 8 -- T
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Chapter 9 -- Thermodynamic Engines
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Johann Joachim Becher's theory, put
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Chapter 10 -- Geophysical, Pnuemati
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Weight of the Sea Chapter 10 -- Geo
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Siphoning Chapter 10 -- Geophysical
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Method 2. Water Pump Chapter 10 --
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Chapter 11 -- Straining the Salt De
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Chapter 11 -- Straining the Salt Pl
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Chapter 11 -- Straining the Salt Ch
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Chapter 12 -- Superterranean Metric
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Theory: Chapter 12 -- Superterranea
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Chapter 13 -- Hydrotheology/Theohyd
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Chapter 14 -- Hollow Earth Geophysi
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Case 3: Gravitation plus 17.1 rotat
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Singularities Chapter 15 -- The Mae
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The Tales Chapter 15 -- The Maelstr
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As in the sea between Scylla and Ch
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Unattributed, 1678 Chapter 15 -- Th
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In the sketch to the right, the Mos
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Chapter 15 -- The Maelstrom The etc
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Chapter 15 -- The Maelstrom In Chap
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He intended to say, Chapter 16 -- U
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Chapter 16 -- Underground Rivers in
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Willa Cather (1873-1947) Chapter 16
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books CHAPTER
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books Splash
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books On that
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No Tooth, No Quarter by (1989) by J
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books We've b
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Chapter 19 -- The Stratemeyer Boys
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Chapter 20 -- More Boys Club Serial
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Tanar of Pellucidar (1929) Chapter
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H. Rider Haggard Haggard's sequel t
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Jewels of Gwahlur (1935), a Conan t
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles The
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles ben
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Swa
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Jos
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles She
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles "If
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles "We
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Tom
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles wou
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles The
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles In
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Wha
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April 1920 March 1923 May 1927 Chap
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August 1948 February 1950 September
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March 1960 July 1961 October 1975 C
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Chapter 22 -- Boys' Life Boy Scouts
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! CHAPTER 2
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! She calle
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Change th
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! river, Ja
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! In Five G
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Fans weren't at a loss for discussi
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Polly of
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! who has l
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Mary Q. S
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Here's a
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Final Thoughts Chapter 23 -- Girls,
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"The Underground River" Western Her
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Boys Clubs, too, help defeat Commun
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A page from the Flash Gordon # 10 r
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Super Heroes We'll begin with nine
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Batman #48, August-September 1948 B
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Superman #154, March 2000 Chapter 2
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Chapter 25 -- Radio Days and Saturd
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A couple of B-grade Durango Kid Wes
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As humankind nears extinction, a sc
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Chapter 26 -- Subterranean Water Bo
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Fictional underground river rides t
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If we don't want to pour water to C
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William Miller envisioned a contrap
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Contrapositioned topography does no
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Chapter 27 -- Virtualizing the Imag
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego CHA
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego Str
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego Ovi
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego muc
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I see bright honor sparkle through
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego Pou
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Arcadian Landscape, undated, but no
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego Bas
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Art Chapter 29 -- The Underground R
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Destiny Chapter 29 -- The Undergrou
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Chapter 29 -- The Underground River
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Herbert Shore Elizabeth Ward Loughr
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Declan Kiberd Carlo Levi, R. and D.
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Alexander Saxton Andrew Rolle James
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John R. Reed Geoffrey Sanborn Alexa
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Jean Tardieu, The River Underground
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Chapter 30 -- Down to a Sunless Sea
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A few recent Sunless Sea book cover
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"Down-to Sunless Sea," Linda J Ging
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Chapter 31 -- Poems for Subterranea
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Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass (185
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx CHA
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx We
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx We'
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx "A
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We'll begin our book collection wit
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Lawrence Durrell, Down the Styx (19
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Jonathan King, The Styx (2010) Poet
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Underground Rivers - University of New Mexico

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