Underground Rivers - University of New Mexico

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Ocean Upper World Chapter 14 -- Hollow Earth Geophysics Circulatory Model Springs Rivers Ocean Rivers Circulatory Model Springs In our pursuit of our elusive underground rivers, we've passed though a potpourri of geophysical propositions. We might think that it was a lot of effort for not much result, but if we were among writers -- famous ones even -- we'd be substantially out-voted. DRAFT 1122//66//22001122 Underworld Uppddaatteess aatt hhttttpp::////www. .uunnm. .eedduu//~rrhheeggggeenn//UnnddeerrggrroouunnddRi ivveerrss. .hhttml l 154
Singularities Chapter 15 -- The Maelstrom CHAPTER 15 THE MAELSTROM A mathematical "singularity" is a point at which a mathematical object fails to be well-behaved. If the mathematical object were the direction of a compass needle, it would point straight ahead as one walked toward the north magnetic pole, but flip when passing over that point. The pole is thus a magnetic singularity. A whirlpool (a "vortex" in hydraulic jargon, a "maelstrom" in literature) represents another natural singularity. Conservation of angular momentum causes the water to spin faster and faster as the radius decreases. In crossing the center, the direction of flow shifts from right to left. The center represents a singularity. Both singularities exist in the earth's polar region. One is indeed due to an underground river; the other is not. But which? Compass Direction Ahead Behind There are two general types of whirlpools -- those caused by water drawn down a drain and those caused by deflection. The millennia-old cultural association between underground rivers and whirlpools is largely due to not recognizing the difference. A bathtub drain whirlpool is caused by a subsurface outflow. Absent another outside force such as the direction of the inflowing water, water will rotate counterclockwise north of the equator and clockwise south of the equator, the Coriolis effect named after Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, who described it in 1835. Once this begins, centrifugal force drives the water to the outside and a cavity forms into which floating objects descend. The Coriolis effect is extremely slight, however, and the effect of almost anything will be greater, setting the whirlpool's direction. The most powerful "natural" whirlpools are the result of fast-flowing tidal waters through narrow and shallow straits. Unlike the bathtub, however, there is no lower outlet. A related phenomenon can be seen along a riverbank where a rock or fallen tree branch creates an eddy. We will take a look at a particular maelstrom long the subject of speculation. DRAFT 1122//66//22001122 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 Distance from Pole Uppddaatteess aatt hhttttpp::////www. .uunnm. .eedduu//~rrhheeggggeenn//UnnddeerrggrroouunnddRi ivveerrss. .hhttml l 155
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Underground Rivers from the River S
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Regarding Copyright Copyright © 20
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Underground Rivers INTRODUCTION Hyd
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Underground Rivers CHAPTERS 1 Greek
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology CHAPTE
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology Oceanu
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology Recall
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology In his
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology DRAFT
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology At the
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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology What p
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Chapter 2 -- Greek Philosophers Tha
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Chapter 2 -- Greek Philosophers Ana
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Chapter 2 -- Greek Philosophers tha
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Chapter 2 -- Greek Philosophers Ari
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Chapter 3 -- Roman Encyclopedists C
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Chapter 3 -- Roman Encyclopedists S
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Chapter 3 -- Roman Encyclopedists B
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Chapter 3 -- Roman Encyclopedists I
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Chapter 3 -- Roman Encyclopedists I
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Chapter 3 -- Roman Encyclopedists R
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Chapter 3 -- Roman Encyclopedists A
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Chapter 4 -- The Cross Topographia
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Chapter 4 -- The Cross After the He
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Chapter 4 -- The Cross small portio
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Chapter 4 -- The Cross As Etymologi
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Chapter 5 -- The Crescent CHAPTER 5
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822 . Ninth and tenth centuries 981
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Chapter 5 -- The Crescent The Extra
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Chapter 6 -- And Back to the Cross
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Chapter 7 -- The Concept of Circula
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Chapter 8 -- Transmuational and Bio
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Terrestrial Arteries Chapter 8 -- T
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Chapter 9 -- Thermodynamic Engines
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Johann Joachim Becher's theory, put
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Chapter 10 -- Geophysical, Pnuemati
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Weight of the Sea Chapter 10 -- Geo
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Siphoning Chapter 10 -- Geophysical
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Page 127 and 128: Chapter 12 -- Superterranean Metric
Page 129 and 130: Theory: Chapter 12 -- Superterranea
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Page 165 and 166: The Tales Chapter 15 -- The Maelstr
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Page 187 and 188: Willa Cather (1873-1947) Chapter 16
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books We've b
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Chapter 19 -- The Stratemeyer Boys
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Chapter 20 -- More Boys Club Serial
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Tanar of Pellucidar (1929) Chapter
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H. Rider Haggard Haggard's sequel t
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Jewels of Gwahlur (1935), a Conan t
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles The
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles ben
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Swa
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Jos
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles She
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles "If
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles "We
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Tom
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles wou
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles The
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles In
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Fre
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Wha
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April 1920 March 1923 May 1927 Chap
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August 1948 February 1950 September
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March 1960 July 1961 October 1975 C
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Chapter 22 -- Boys' Life Boy Scouts
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! CHAPTER 2
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! She calle
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Change th
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! river, Ja
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! In Five G
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Fans weren't at a loss for discussi
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Polly of
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! who has l
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Mary Q. S
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Here's a
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Final Thoughts Chapter 23 -- Girls,
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"The Underground River" Western Her
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Boys Clubs, too, help defeat Commun
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A page from the Flash Gordon # 10 r
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Super Heroes We'll begin with nine
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Chapter 24 -- Underground Rivers in
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Batman #48, August-September 1948 B
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Superman #154, March 2000 Chapter 2
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Chapter 25 -- Radio Days and Saturd
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A couple of B-grade Durango Kid Wes
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As humankind nears extinction, a sc
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Chapter 26 -- Subterranean Water Bo
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Fictional underground river rides t
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If we don't want to pour water to C
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William Miller envisioned a contrap
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Contrapositioned topography does no
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Chapter 27 -- Virtualizing the Imag
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego CHA
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego Str
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego Ovi
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego muc
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I see bright honor sparkle through
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego Pou
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Arcadian Landscape, undated, but no
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego Bas
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Art Chapter 29 -- The Underground R
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Destiny Chapter 29 -- The Undergrou
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Chapter 29 -- The Underground River
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Herbert Shore Elizabeth Ward Loughr
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Declan Kiberd Carlo Levi, R. and D.
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Alexander Saxton Andrew Rolle James
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John R. Reed Geoffrey Sanborn Alexa
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Jean Tardieu, The River Underground
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Chapter 30 -- Down to a Sunless Sea
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A few recent Sunless Sea book cover
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"Down-to Sunless Sea," Linda J Ging
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Chapter 31 -- Poems for Subterranea
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Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass (185
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx CHA
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx We
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx We'
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx "A
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We'll begin our book collection wit
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Lawrence Durrell, Down the Styx (19
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Jonathan King, The Styx (2010) Poet
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Underground Rivers - University of New Mexico

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