Underground Rivers - University of New Mexico

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Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology Odyssey (c. 855 BC) Author Homer Joel/Ethan Cohen Protagonist Odysseus Everett Ulysses McGill Setting Opening Characters Rivers Mythical Mediterranean, Mythical times Tell me, O muse, of that ingenious hero who travelled far and wide after he had sacked the famous town of Troy. Mississippi, 1920s DRAFT 1122//66//22001122 Sing in me, and through me tell the story of that man skilled in all the ways of contending a wanderer, harried for years on end. Lotus Eaters Baptists Cyclops Bible salesman Sirens Washerwomen Acheron Cocytus Styx Lethe Pyriphlegethon A river is involved at either end -- the baptism and the flooding. We'll make similar Odyssean comparisons in chapters to come. One can't keep a good story down. As enduring as the saga's hero are the deities of the world through which he journeyed. To the right are several of the many Greek gods, along with their Romanized names. Though we today may be only vaguely familiar with the particular legends, the gods of Homer live on in our common references. In addition to committing to written form the even-then ancient mythology, Homer draws upon cultural memories of Bronze Age seamen who sailed to where the “Ocean River” flows. Oceanus, the Ocean River Greek Roman Aphrodite Venus Apollo Apollo Ares Mars Hermes Mercury Poseidon Neptune Zeus Jupiter Eros Cupid Heracles Hercules Atlas Atlas Cronus Saturn Hades Pluto Oceanus was both a god and a water body. As the former, Oceanus was the eldest of the twelve Titans (the race from which sprung humans), Oceanus did not join the dispossessed Titans against the Olympians, but instead withdrew from the struggle doomed by Zeus’ thunderbolts. With his sister Tethys, Oceanus fathered some three dozen gods, 3000 rivers and 3000 ocean nymphs. Uppddaatteess aatt hhttttpp::////www. .uunnm. .eedduu//~rrhheeggggeenn//UnnddeerrggrroouunnddRi ivveerrss. .hhttml l 2
Chapter 1 -- Greek Mythology Oceanus was represented as an old man of noble presence and benevolent expression, with the horns of an ox or bull, sometimes crab claws on his head, a long beard, a muscular upper body and the lower torso of a serpent encircling the earth. His attributes included a pitcher, cornucopia, rushes, marine creatures and a scepter. As a water body, Oceanus was the Atlantic Ocean, but not the geographically-bounded sea we know today. Oceanus was a river running around and the earth, which in turn was believed to be a flat disk called Gaea, a derivative of a prehistoric Egyptian/Babylonian account in which the god Marduk piled dirt on a rush mat floating on primordial water. The Nile was thought to be directly connected. The sun and moon rise from and descend into this stream and only the Great Bear remains above the waters. From the Iliad, Deep flowing Oceanus, from which flow all rivers and every sea and all springs and deep wells. Never mingling with the sea which it encloses, it has neither source nor mouth. With Jove neither does King Achelous fight nor does the mighty strength of the deep-flowing Oceanus, from which flow all rivers and every sea and all springs and deep wells. On Oceanus' shores dwell the minute Pygmies. On the southern banks lies Elysian where the "blameless Aethiopians" dwell in perfect happiness. Beyond the west lies the realm of eternal and infernal darkness where vegetation is black poplars, fruitless willows and funerary asphodel. “The Afterworld,” says Circe to Odysseus “lies at the extreme of the earth, beyond the vast Ocean.” As traders continued to find inhabited and fruited land where Oceanus’ desolation would have been expected, however, an adjustment was called for. Connection to the infernal region must be via another Oceanic link, perhaps one closer to home, perhaps even in Arcadia where watery caves abound. (We will see why this is so in later chapters, but we don't want to muddle Hellenist thought with geologic digression.) And thus came to be known the five subterranean rivers, mythical waters, we'd like to say, but like the gods, still very much alive. The Cocytus, the river of lamentation The dead who can not pay Charon (whom we will meet shortly) must wander its banks forever. The Lethe, the river of forgetfulness The Lethe passes the extremity of the Elysian Fields. Those who drink of this stream forget the past. The Eridanus (Po) was said to spring from the Elysian Fields, where Aeneas saw it flowing. As later expressed by the Roman poet Marcus Annaeus Lucanus in his epic "Pharsalia," Here Lethe's streams, from secret springs below Rise to the light; here heavily, and slow, The silent, dull, forgetful waters flow The Acheron, the river of woe Myths tend to be inconsistent regarding geography. Homer described the Acheron as the channel into which the Pyriphlegethon and Cocytus empty. Virgil (the Roman Encyclopedist, DRAFT 1122//66//22001122 Uppddaatteess aatt hhttttpp::////www. .uunnm. .eedduu//~rrhheeggggeenn//UnnddeerrggrroouunnddRi ivveerrss. .hhttml l 3
Page 1 and 2: Underground Rivers from the River S
Page 3 and 4: Regarding Copyright Copyright © 20
Page 5 and 6: Underground Rivers INTRODUCTION Hyd
Page 7 and 8: Underground Rivers CHAPTERS 1 Greek
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Chapter 6 -- And Back to the Cross
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Chapter 7 -- The Concept of Circula
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Chapter 8 -- Transmuational and Bio
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Terrestrial Arteries Chapter 8 -- T
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Chapter 9 -- Thermodynamic Engines
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Johann Joachim Becher's theory, put
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Chapter 10 -- Geophysical, Pnuemati
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Weight of the Sea Chapter 10 -- Geo
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Siphoning Chapter 10 -- Geophysical
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Method 2. Water Pump Chapter 10 --
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Chapter 11 -- Straining the Salt De
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Chapter 11 -- Straining the Salt Pl
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Chapter 11 -- Straining the Salt Ch
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Chapter 12 -- Superterranean Metric
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Theory: Chapter 12 -- Superterranea
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Chapter 13 -- Hydrotheology/Theohyd
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Chapter 14 -- Hollow Earth Geophysi
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Case 3: Gravitation plus 17.1 rotat
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Singularities Chapter 15 -- The Mae
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The Tales Chapter 15 -- The Maelstr
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As in the sea between Scylla and Ch
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Unattributed, 1678 Chapter 15 -- Th
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In the sketch to the right, the Mos
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Chapter 15 -- The Maelstrom The etc
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Chapter 15 -- The Maelstrom In Chap
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He intended to say, Chapter 16 -- U
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Chapter 16 -- Underground Rivers in
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Willa Cather (1873-1947) Chapter 16
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books CHAPTER
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books Splash
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books On that
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No Tooth, No Quarter by (1989) by J
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Chapter 18 -- Picture Books We've b
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Chapter 19 -- The Stratemeyer Boys
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Chapter 20 -- More Boys Club Serial
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Tanar of Pellucidar (1929) Chapter
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H. Rider Haggard Haggard's sequel t
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Jewels of Gwahlur (1935), a Conan t
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles The
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles ben
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Swa
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Jos
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles She
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles "If
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles "We
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Tom
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles wou
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles The
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles In
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Fre
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Chapter 21 -- Boys Club Singles Wha
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April 1920 March 1923 May 1927 Chap
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August 1948 February 1950 September
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March 1960 July 1961 October 1975 C
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Chapter 22 -- Boys' Life Boy Scouts
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! CHAPTER 2
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! She calle
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Change th
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! river, Ja
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! In Five G
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Fans weren't at a loss for discussi
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Polly of
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! who has l
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Mary Q. S
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Chapter 23 -- Girls, Too! Here's a
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Final Thoughts Chapter 23 -- Girls,
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"The Underground River" Western Her
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Boys Clubs, too, help defeat Commun
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A page from the Flash Gordon # 10 r
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Super Heroes We'll begin with nine
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Batman #48, August-September 1948 B
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Superman #154, March 2000 Chapter 2
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Chapter 25 -- Radio Days and Saturd
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A couple of B-grade Durango Kid Wes
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As humankind nears extinction, a sc
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Chapter 26 -- Subterranean Water Bo
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Fictional underground river rides t
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If we don't want to pour water to C
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William Miller envisioned a contrap
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Contrapositioned topography does no
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Chapter 27 -- Virtualizing the Imag
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego CHA
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego Str
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego Ovi
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego muc
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I see bright honor sparkle through
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego Pou
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Arcadian Landscape, undated, but no
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Chapter 28 -- Et In Arcadia Ego Bas
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Art Chapter 29 -- The Underground R
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Destiny Chapter 29 -- The Undergrou
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Chapter 29 -- The Underground River
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Herbert Shore Elizabeth Ward Loughr
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Declan Kiberd Carlo Levi, R. and D.
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Alexander Saxton Andrew Rolle James
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John R. Reed Geoffrey Sanborn Alexa
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Jean Tardieu, The River Underground
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Chapter 30 -- Down to a Sunless Sea
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A few recent Sunless Sea book cover
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"Down-to Sunless Sea," Linda J Ging
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Chapter 31 -- Poems for Subterranea
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Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass (185
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx CHA
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx We
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx We'
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Chapter 32 -- To Cross the Styx "A
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We'll begin our book collection wit
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Lawrence Durrell, Down the Styx (19
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Jonathan King, The Styx (2010) Poet
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Underground Rivers - University of New Mexico

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