Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
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1 Ans van Kemenade, Tanja Milicev & R. Harald Baayen<br />
se þeowa “<strong>the</strong> servant” in (23b) has an antecedent in <strong>the</strong> preceding line (23a) (<strong>the</strong><br />
dative pronoun him). This seems to suggest that discourse-givenness overrides<br />
specificity<br />
(23) a. Gif se hlaford him þonne wif sealde, sie hio & hire<br />
if <strong>the</strong> lord him <strong>the</strong>n wife gave, be she and her<br />
bearn þæs hlafordes<br />
child of.<strong>the</strong> lord<br />
“If <strong>the</strong> lord gave him a wife, she and her child will belong to <strong>the</strong> lord”<br />
(colawafint,LawAfEl: 11.24)<br />
b. Gif se þeowa þonne cweðe: Nelle ic <strong>from</strong> minum<br />
if <strong>the</strong> servant <strong>the</strong>n said: not.will I <strong>from</strong> my<br />
hlaforde ne <strong>from</strong> minum wife, ne <strong>from</strong> minum<br />
lord nor <strong>from</strong> my wife nor <strong>from</strong> my<br />
bearne ne <strong>from</strong> minum ierfe, brenge hine þonne<br />
child nor <strong>from</strong> my property, bring him <strong>the</strong>n<br />
his hlaford to ðære dura þæs temples<br />
his lord to <strong>the</strong> door <strong>the</strong> temple<br />
“If <strong>the</strong> servant <strong>the</strong>n says: I will not leave my lord, or my wife, or my child or<br />
my property, let his lord <strong>the</strong>n bring him to <strong>the</strong> door of <strong>the</strong> temple”<br />
(colawafint,LawAfEl: 11.25)<br />
So far, we have established that <strong>the</strong>re seems to be a strong correlation between <strong>the</strong><br />
high position of an NP and <strong>the</strong> fact that it is discourse-given. But <strong>the</strong>re are also<br />
some more problematic cases.<br />
Even though specificity strongly correlates with anaphoricity, <strong>the</strong> relation is<br />
not absolute. Definite expressions without an antecedent can appear in <strong>the</strong> high<br />
position when <strong>the</strong>y are associated with a strong sense of presupposition. Discourse<br />
entities such as God need not be ‘formally’ introduced in <strong>the</strong> discourse.<br />
(24) Hu God þa þa mæstan ofermetto gewræc on þæm folce<br />
how God <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> greatest pride advanced on <strong>the</strong> people<br />
“How God <strong>the</strong>n advanced <strong>the</strong> greatest pride on <strong>the</strong> people”<br />
(coorosiu,Or_6: 2.134.24.2833)<br />
The truly exceptional cases are definite/specific nominal expressions after þa/<br />
þonne, and with an antecedent. In (25), <strong>the</strong> definite NP se his gefera has an antecedent<br />
six lines above <strong>the</strong> relevant line.<br />
(25) þa þæt þa se his gefera geseah & ongeat, þa<br />
when that <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> his companion saw and perceived, <strong>the</strong>n<br />
frægn he hine<br />
asked he him<br />
“When his companion saw that, <strong>the</strong>n he asked him”<br />
(cobede,Bede_4: 26.352.22.3553)
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