Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
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Emotion verbs with to-infinitive complements 225<br />
stronger. The opposite is <strong>the</strong> case with <strong>the</strong> ‘would hate to-infinitive’ construction.<br />
This resembles a verb of not-wanting. 4 Thus <strong>the</strong> last thing <strong>the</strong> subject in (3)<br />
would like to experience is <strong>the</strong> loss of his or her films. The construction in (4) also<br />
encodes wanting: to be specific it encodes wanting <strong>the</strong> situation encoded in <strong>the</strong><br />
complement clause more than some explicit or implicit alternative(s).<br />
When, on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, <strong>the</strong>se four verbs occur with gerunds, <strong>the</strong>y locate <strong>the</strong><br />
complement predication, which may be ei<strong>the</strong>r serial (recurrent) or one-off, in <strong>the</strong><br />
extended present. (5)–(8) illustrate <strong>the</strong>se same-time predications.<br />
(5) A letter <strong>from</strong> your Aunt Emily told us how much<br />
she likes having you and how accomplished you are becoming.<br />
(BNC H8X 203)<br />
(6) She loves gossiping with friends over lunch, he would ra<strong>the</strong>r<br />
be alone with his thoughts. (BNC CBC 044 )<br />
(7) ‘In my experience’, she mimicked, ‘men hate hanging around<br />
while women shop.’ (BNC HHA 2446)<br />
(8) ‘Some women prefer seeing make [sic] gynaecologists because<br />
<strong>the</strong>y find <strong>the</strong>m more authoritative.’ (BNC G2V 972)<br />
As was pointed out by Kiparsky and Kiparsky ( 97 ), matrix verbs like <strong>the</strong>se<br />
are factive when <strong>the</strong>y occur with gerund complements. In each case <strong>the</strong> subject<br />
engages in <strong>the</strong> activity encoded in <strong>the</strong> complement predication on one or more<br />
occasions, and this participation evokes simultaneous pleasure or displeasure as<br />
<strong>the</strong> case may be. Thus in (6) <strong>the</strong> subject in question does gossip, and when she does<br />
so this activity affords her a great deal of pleasure. Similarly, in (7) <strong>the</strong> subjects do<br />
hang around but in this case <strong>the</strong> activity affords <strong>the</strong>m displeasure.<br />
The third type of construction containing <strong>the</strong>se matrix verbs consists of<br />
to-infinitive complements following non-modalised matrix verbs. These are<br />
illustrated by (9)–( 2).<br />
(9) He always liked to tell me things about my lover that my lover<br />
kept <strong>from</strong> me. (BNC FAT 2835)<br />
( 0) Is <strong>the</strong>re a certain time when you always love to sit down with a<br />
relaxing drink and something to eat? (BNC AD0 563)<br />
4. In addition to being situated in <strong>the</strong> projected future <strong>the</strong> complement situation in <strong>the</strong> ‘would<br />
hate to’ construction may also be located in irrealis proper. It may even be counter-factual, as in<br />
“I would hate to be in <strong>the</strong> royal family” (BNC KSS 459). Both ‘would prefer to’ and ‘would love<br />
to’ may occasionally be employed to encode propositions like <strong>the</strong>se.