Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang

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The balance between syntax and discourse in Old English (11) and gif heo hyre wer oferbit, þonne byð heo frig and if she her man outlives, then be she free “and if she outlives her husband, then she should be free” (coaelhom,ÆHom_20: 84.2972) Þa and þonne are also used more loosely as clause introducers, where there is, somewhat vaguely, a sense of temporal or even causal sequence as in (12). (13) is a slightly more emphatic frame-setting variant of this. (12) & þonne se þe ungelyfende byþ in þon þe he tweoþ and then that who unbelieving is in that that he doubts he ne seceð na þone geleafan … he not seeks not the belief… “and then the one who doesn’t believe in what he doubts, he does not seek the belief…” (cogregdC,GDPref_and_4_[C]: 1.262.10.3797) (13) þa æfter þære lare, he het alætan ut þone halgan then after the teaching, he ordered take out the saint Petrum his scip on ðære dypan Peter his ship on the sea “Then, after the teaching, he ordered Saint Peter to take out his ship to the sea” (coaelhom,ÆHom_15: 16.2142) Let us now turn to clause internal þa/þonne, the main focus of this paper. Both adverbs can be used as pure rhetorical devices, often with the purpose “to underline the admonishing and exhorting effect in context” (van Kemenade & Los 2006), especially in exclamatory combinations like hwæt þa “what lo”: (14) a. Hwæt ða la ongunnon þa godes cempan hnexian what then lo began then God’s champions yield and heora mod awendon to hyre maga sarnysse. and their mood turn to their kinsmen’s anguish “Well, then, behold! God’s champions began to yield, and to turn their thought on their kinsmen’s anguish.” (coaelive,ÆLS_[Sebastian]: 48.1238) b. Ono hwæt he þa se ilca cyning Osweo æfter Pendan lo what he then the same king Oswio after Penda’s slege þreo winter ful Mercna þeode & swylce eac death three winters whole Mercia’s people and also tham oðrum folcum þara suðmægða in aldordome the other nations of.the southern.provinces authority ofer wæs. over was. “Now this king Oswio after Penda’s death for three whole years had authority over the Mercians and the other nations also of the southern provinces.” (cobede,Bede_3: 18.238.27.2439)
10 Ans van Kemenade, Tanja Milicev & R. Harald Baayen It should be noted that they are not topic/focus markers, in the sense that they cliticize morpho-syntactically to elements in order to mark them as presuppositional or focal, rather they seem to indicate that what follows is the focus part of the clause. The same kind of presupposition-focus inferences can very likely be obtained by specific structural re-organizations without these adverbs. However, the overwhelming presence of these two particular adverbs strongly suggests that overt marking of presupposition-focus domains is of primary concern for OE writers. Our hypothesis is that the adverbs structure parts of the utterance/proposition itself with respect to the preceding discourse. (15) [previous discourse] [ utterance presupposition þa/þonne focus] This will be elaborated further in Section 2.3. 2.2 More referring expressions Old English had a wider range of discourse-referential expressions than Presentday English does. In particular, Old English morpho-syntax includes the weak demonstrative pronouns. Let us first list the paradigms which can be picked from any grammar of Old English (Table 3). Table 3. Old English demonstrative pronouns singular plural masculine feminine neuter Nom se sēo þæt þā Acc þone þā þæt þā Gen þæs þæ¯ re þæs þāra Dat þæ¯ m þæ¯ re þæ¯ m þæ¯ m Demonstrative pronouns are often called ‘definite determiners’, as one of their primary known uses in Old English is to mark definiteness in a NP, thus se monn “the man”; þæ¯ re fæmnan fæder; “the woman’s father” and so on (see recently Denison 2006). However, the term ‘determiner’ is, we claim, a singular misnomer, in particular because it is often used when comparing the Old English weak demonstratives to the Present-day English definite determiners. Determiners (we refer here to the, not to deictic demonstratives such as this, that, these, those) are clearly morphologically invariant and cannot be used independently. In comparison, Old English demonstratives are a rather versatile class. While they mark definiteness like the Present-day English determiners do, they can also be used as independent pronouns.
Page 2 and 3: English historical linguistics 2006
Page 4 and 5: English historical linguistics 2006
Page 6 and 7: Table of contents Foreword vii Intr
Page 8 and 9: Foreword The conference at which th
Page 10 and 11: Introduction Maurizio Gotti, Marina
Page 12 and 13: Introduction xi than one gender. Th
Page 14 and 15: Introduction xiii of Modern English
Page 16: part i Old and Middle English
Page 19 and 20: Ans van Kemenade, Tanja Milicev & R
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Page 38 and 39: The Old English copula weorðan and
Page 40 and 41: Old English weorðan and its replac
Page 46 and 47: G NP.Subj WIERÐ PPLE.SubjComp …
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Page 64 and 65: Verb types and word order in Old an
Page 66 and 67: Verb types and word order 51 also i
Page 68 and 69: Verb types and word order 53 typica
Page 70 and 71: Table 4. Verb types in early ME non
Page 72 and 73: Verb types and word order 57 patter
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Verb types and word order 59 great
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Verb types and word order 61 comple
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Verb types and word order 63 (12) H
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Verb types and word order 65 non-co
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Verb types and word order 67 Sweet,
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70 Kristin Killie Opinions concerni
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72 Kristin Killie Examples of the d
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74 Kristin Killie locative meaning,
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76 Kristin Killie ing of this perip
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78 Kristin Killie ða wæs growende
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80 Kristin Killie Table 2. Function
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82 Kristin Killie (14) Ða dyde þe
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84 Kristin Killie is, of course, no
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86 Kristin Killie It is possible th
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88 Kristin Killie Comrie, Bernard.
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90 Letizia Vezzosi (Campbell 1959;
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9 Letizia Vezzosi In a sense, all g
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9 Letizia Vezzosi form to agree wit
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9 Letizia Vezzosi b. [Genesis 2382-
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9 Letizia Vezzosi of gender assignm
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100 Letizia Vezzosi .1 Third type o
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10 Letizia Vezzosi where its semant
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10 Letizia Vezzosi a phenomenon of
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10 Letizia Vezzosi North Germanic l
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10 Letizia Vezzosi Lazzeroni, Roman
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110 Tomohiro Yanagi The sentences i
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112 Tomohiro Yanagi given in (8) an
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114 Tomohiro Yanagi b. Ealle ge me
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116 Tomohiro Yanagi (17) accusative
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118 Tomohiro Yanagi 4. Syntactic po
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120 Tomohiro Yanagi for by assuming
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122 Tomohiro Yanagi general assumpt
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124 Tomohiro Yanagi Koopman, Willem
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126 Richard Ingham & Kleanthes K. G
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142 Cristina Suárez-Gómez between
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144 Cristina Suárez-Gómez The cor
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146 Cristina Suárez-Gómez English
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148 Cristina Suárez-Gómez (7) se
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150 Cristina Suárez-Gómez For the
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152 Cristina Suárez-Gómez either
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154 Cristina Suárez-Gómez The res
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156 Cristina Suárez-Gómez Older L
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158 Bettelou Los e. He threw all th
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160 Bettelou Los prepositions (by,
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162 Bettelou Los The non-acceptabil
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164 Bettelou Los (diary/scandal, ol
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166 Bettelou Los . Grammaticalizati
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168 Bettelou Los c. Bill pushed Har
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170 Bettelou Los 4. Earlier English
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172 Bettelou Los mainly with ‘lig
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174 Bettelou Los verbs (e.g., group
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176 Bettelou Los It seems, then, th
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178 Bettelou Los Emonds, J. (1985).
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part ii Early and Late Modern Engli
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184 Amanda Pounder of English and c
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186 Amanda Pounder (7) shows the ze
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188 Amanda Pounder It is likely tha
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190 Amanda Pounder The type is atte
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192 Amanda Pounder minority asymmet
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194 Amanda Pounder adjective in the
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196 Amanda Pounder Here, the prever
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198 Amanda Pounder While it is true
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200 Amanda Pounder Aulnoy, Marie. 1
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’Tis he, ’tis she, ’tis me,
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or with a ‘specificational’ obj
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Cleft and identificational construc
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224 Thomas Egan with to-infinitive
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226 Thomas Egan ( ) However, no mon
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228 Thomas Egan 100 80 60 40 20 0 h
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2 0 Thomas Egan 16,00 14,00 12,00 1
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2 2 Thomas Egan 1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60
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2 4 Thomas Egan Deprived of their c
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2 6 Thomas Egan the ‘would like t
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2 8 Thomas Egan One may perhaps sti
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240 Thomas Egan Stephens, James (b.
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4 Svenja Kranich Fitzmaurice 2004a,
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44 Svenja Kranich feature of the ma
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4 Svenja Kranich It is not easy to
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4 Svenja Kranich as stative). A muc
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0 Svenja Kranich description which
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Svenja Kranich . Subjective and obj
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4 Svenja Kranich a decrease or loss
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Svenja Kranich Rydén, Mats. 997. O
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258 Index of subjects, terms & lang
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CURRENT ISSUES IN LINGUISTIC THEORY
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252 Kay, Christian J., Carole houGh
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198 nieMeier, susanne and rené Dir
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137 liPPi-Green, rosina l. and Jose
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76 wiCKens, Mark a.: Grammatical Nu
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13 Maher, J. Peter, allan r. BoMhar
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