Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
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5. Cross-linguistic context<br />
Adverb-marking in coordinate constructions 197<br />
Both paradigmatic selection of a systemically legitimate zero form and morphological<br />
brachylogy are attested in o<strong>the</strong>r languages (Pounder 2007). In <strong>the</strong> deadjectival<br />
adverb domain, asymmetric patterns similar to those discussed here are found in<br />
Romance. (28) illustrates examples <strong>from</strong> older Italian:<br />
(28) a. co’i suoi denari alta e riccamente rimaritar-la<br />
with his money high- and rich-adv remarry her<br />
‘with his money grandly and richly remarry her’<br />
(Grazzini, La gelosia, <strong>from</strong> Migliorini 1952: 377; see also Rohlfs 1954: 129)<br />
b. privata e pubblicamente<br />
private- and public-adv<br />
‘privately and publicly’<br />
(Lombardelli, lettera sulla Gerusalemme, <strong>from</strong> Migliorini 1952: 377)<br />
Here, a brachylogy analysis seems appropriate, as <strong>the</strong> fragments alta and privata,<br />
while legitimate word-forms in Italian, are not appropriate word-level options in<br />
this syntactic context (for example, <strong>the</strong> zero-adverb in <strong>the</strong> (28a) would be alto).<br />
In Modern Spanish (29), we find a similar phenomenon, whereby <strong>the</strong> asymmetric<br />
construction is in fact <strong>the</strong> majority type in <strong>the</strong> standard written language<br />
(but apparently rare in speech) (Butt and Benjamin 2000 3 : 413). In most cases,<br />
<strong>the</strong> fragment does not correspond to a legitimate word-level option, as in Older<br />
Italian, so again, a brachylogy analysis is <strong>the</strong> only one possible here.<br />
(29) se lo dije sincera y llanamente … lo que<br />
I told him sincere- and plain-adv … that which<br />
tradicional y ridiculamente se ha considerado un comportamiento<br />
traditional- and ridiculous-adv has been considered feminine<br />
femenino.<br />
behaviour<br />
‘I told him sincerely and plainly … what has traditionally and ridiculously been<br />
considered feminine behaviour’ (Butt and Benjamin 2000 3 : 413)<br />
While <strong>the</strong> cross-linguistically preferred direction in paradigmatic selection of a<br />
zero form and morphological brachylogy is full or suffixed form in <strong>the</strong> final conjunct,<br />
zero or stem form in <strong>the</strong> initial conjunct(s), this is not <strong>the</strong> only possibility, as we have<br />
seen in English asymmetric adverbial coordination (cf. Section 3.3). Similarly in<br />
Provençal/Modern Catalan, we find that <strong>the</strong> standard direction is right-to-left (30),<br />
<strong>the</strong> reverse of Spanish; here, one assumes, <strong>the</strong> category is established in <strong>the</strong> first<br />
conjunct and a marking on <strong>the</strong> second conjunct is considered superfluous.<br />
(30) francamen e corteza<br />
frank-adv and courteous-<br />
‘frankly and courteously’ (Migliorini 1952: 375)