Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang

5. Cross-linguistic context
Adverb-marking in coordinate constructions 197
Both paradigmatic selection of a systemically legitimate zero form and morphological
brachylogy are attested in other languages (Pounder 2007). In the deadjectival
adverb domain, asymmetric patterns similar to those discussed here are found in
Romance. (28) illustrates examples from older Italian:
(28) a. co’i suoi denari alta e riccamente rimaritar-la
with his money high- and rich-adv remarry her
‘with his money grandly and richly remarry her’
(Grazzini, La gelosia, from Migliorini 1952: 377; see also Rohlfs 1954: 129)
b. privata e pubblicamente
private- and public-adv
‘privately and publicly’
(Lombardelli, lettera sulla Gerusalemme, from Migliorini 1952: 377)
Here, a brachylogy analysis seems appropriate, as the fragments alta and privata,
while legitimate word-forms in Italian, are not appropriate word-level options in
this syntactic context (for example, the zero-adverb in the (28a) would be alto).
In Modern Spanish (29), we find a similar phenomenon, whereby the asymmetric
construction is in fact the majority type in the standard written language
(but apparently rare in speech) (Butt and Benjamin 2000 3 : 413). In most cases,
the fragment does not correspond to a legitimate word-level option, as in Older
Italian, so again, a brachylogy analysis is the only one possible here.
(29) se lo dije sincera y llanamente … lo que
I told him sincere- and plain-adv … that which
tradicional y ridiculamente se ha considerado un comportamiento
traditional- and ridiculous-adv has been considered feminine
femenino.
behaviour
‘I told him sincerely and plainly … what has traditionally and ridiculously been
considered feminine behaviour’ (Butt and Benjamin 2000 3 : 413)
While the cross-linguistically preferred direction in paradigmatic selection of a
zero form and morphological brachylogy is full or suffixed form in the final conjunct,
zero or stem form in the initial conjunct(s), this is not the only possibility, as we have
seen in English asymmetric adverbial coordination (cf. Section 3.3). Similarly in
Provençal/Modern Catalan, we find that the standard direction is right-to-left (30),
the reverse of Spanish; here, one assumes, the category is established in the first
conjunct and a marking on the second conjunct is considered superfluous.
(30) francamen e corteza
frank-adv and courteous-
‘frankly and courteously’ (Migliorini 1952: 375)