Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
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196 Amanda Pounder<br />
Here, <strong>the</strong> preverbal adverbs have <strong>the</strong> -ly suffix, while <strong>the</strong> second coordination<br />
structure, following <strong>the</strong> verb, allows <strong>the</strong> zero form in <strong>the</strong> first conjunct. However,<br />
we also find examples in which a minority pattern containing a zero adverb is<br />
found in preverbal position, as in (25).<br />
(25) a. (=19a) Therfor <strong>the</strong> seyd Mair and Aldirmen, … thurgh such falsnes in tyme<br />
comyng myght lightly and causeles renne in sclaundre …<br />
b. (=3) … I willing and cheerfully submit<br />
*might causeless ADV run and *I willing ADV submit are not grammatical at any point<br />
in Modern English. The adverbs in question should <strong>the</strong>refore not be available under<br />
paradigmatic selection. Some of <strong>the</strong> Present-day English examples of adverbial<br />
coordination, too, show zero adverbs preverbally, given in (26).<br />
(26) a. (=22e) Both models capture flies, mosquitoes, and o<strong>the</strong>r insects, silent and<br />
discreetly using pheromone impregnated glue pads.<br />
b. (=22g) Even though she was already serving as our Society’s treasurer last<br />
year, Marie willing and cheerfully assumed <strong>the</strong> responsibility for <strong>the</strong><br />
Newsletter when that position became vacant.<br />
c. (=22h) didn’t I willing and cheerfully let <strong>the</strong>m interview me?<br />
Here again, <strong>the</strong> corresponding expressions with one zero adverb are not grammatical:<br />
*Marie willing assumed <strong>the</strong> responsibility, *didn’t I willing let <strong>the</strong>m interview<br />
me?, and <strong>the</strong>n with a participial construction, *silent using pheremone-impregnated<br />
glue pads. These facts point to morphological brachylogy/ellipsis being used at<br />
least some of <strong>the</strong> time.<br />
It is conceivable that <strong>the</strong> paradigmatic selection option would be more likely<br />
where <strong>the</strong> lexical frequency of zero-adverb is high, or in an informal register where<br />
<strong>the</strong> conversion option might be more likely to be taken advantage of generally, but<br />
that in o<strong>the</strong>r cases, brachylogy is invoked. At least for Modern English, it is not<br />
only paradigmatic selection of a zero form that is a systemic possibility: morphological<br />
brachylogy also plays a role in <strong>the</strong> word-formation system. That is, brachylogy<br />
is available for compounds and to some extent in derivational morphology, as<br />
in (27), so it could be suggested that it is used here likewise.<br />
(27 = (2)) a. we can’t choose between socio- and psycholinguistics<br />
b. a heart- and soulless organization<br />
However, I have not as yet been able to establish that brachylogy was common in Early<br />
Modern English; still, it seems to be available for adverbial coordination. Should one<br />
<strong>the</strong>n move completely to <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side and assume brachylogy in all cases? I think<br />
not, for as already pointed out, paradigmatic selection will be needed in any event.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> following section, we will place <strong>the</strong> phenomenon of asymmetric coordination<br />
of adverbs against a background of asymmetric form in o<strong>the</strong>r languages.