Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
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194 Amanda Pounder<br />
adjective in <strong>the</strong> first conjunct is monosyllabic and <strong>the</strong> adverb in <strong>the</strong> second conjunct<br />
has initial stress, while in <strong>the</strong> second case, <strong>the</strong> base adjective has more than<br />
one syllable and/or <strong>the</strong> adverb in <strong>the</strong> second conjunct has stress on some o<strong>the</strong>r syllable<br />
than <strong>the</strong> first: this is a situation that will be very frequently encountered. Just<br />
as <strong>the</strong>re are many examples running counter to <strong>the</strong> tendency Schlüter observes<br />
(e.g., (6a) extream careful), <strong>the</strong>re are examples in which <strong>the</strong> choice of a zero adverb<br />
in <strong>the</strong> first conjunct does not affect rhythm, that is, <strong>the</strong> rhythmic pattern is <strong>the</strong><br />
same as in <strong>the</strong> majority structure (e.g., (14a) seasonable and discreetly). Rhythmic<br />
considerations do not appear to discourage <strong>the</strong> choice of <strong>the</strong> majority pattern<br />
(e.g., (17g) slightly and deceitfully, (10b) diligently and discreetly), and in <strong>the</strong> case<br />
of <strong>the</strong> zero adverb in <strong>the</strong> second conjunct, as illustrated in Section 3.3., <strong>the</strong>y do not<br />
seem to be applicable. While rhythmic considerations may favour <strong>the</strong> minority<br />
pattern X and Y-ly, <strong>the</strong>y cannot constitute <strong>the</strong> only motivation, <strong>the</strong>refore. One<br />
would expect rhythm to be a greater concern in <strong>the</strong> oral mode, although <strong>the</strong>re is<br />
of course less time for evaluation and revision <strong>the</strong>re. Although we have no direct<br />
evidence of this, it is possible that <strong>the</strong> desire for pleasing rhythmic patterns encourages<br />
<strong>the</strong> use of <strong>the</strong> pattern X and Y-ly in speech.<br />
While we can concede that <strong>the</strong> selection of <strong>the</strong> minority pattern X and Y-ly<br />
may be partially motivated by a preference for rhythmic alternation, it is necessary<br />
to look for o<strong>the</strong>r factors that are likely to play a role. Relatively high lexical<br />
frequency of <strong>the</strong> zero adverb can predispose it to appearing in coordination as well<br />
(e.g., quick, plain, as in (19e) and (17d), (18) respectively). It may also be that <strong>the</strong><br />
aes<strong>the</strong>tic value of rhythmic symmetry, where both adverbs have <strong>the</strong> same number<br />
of syllables and <strong>the</strong> same stress pattern, and/or of structural symmetry, where both<br />
adverbs are of <strong>the</strong> same morphological structure, is at least as high as that placed<br />
on rhythmic alternation.<br />
4. Choice of formation type in adverbial coordination:<br />
Morphological brachylogy/ellipsis<br />
Ano<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>oretical approach to form types in adverbial coordination structures<br />
involves <strong>the</strong> concept of morphological ellipsis or “brachylogy”. The latter term<br />
refers generally to economy through omission under identity or, more specifically,<br />
<strong>the</strong> non-realization of morphological material where it can be recuperated<br />
through <strong>the</strong> syntactic context. Regarding <strong>the</strong> two asymmetric adverbial coordination<br />
structures, we would consider that <strong>the</strong> adverb marking by means of <strong>the</strong><br />
-ly suffix in <strong>the</strong> left or right conjunct “has scope over” <strong>the</strong> coordinate structure;<br />
by some structure-sharing mechanism, <strong>the</strong> suffix is shared by both conjuncts. In<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r words, <strong>the</strong> zero adverb is only apparently a conversion; ra<strong>the</strong>r, it is in fact<br />
a morphologically incomplete form, namely a stem with a “gapped” suffix. (An<br />
alternative understanding of <strong>the</strong> non-realization of a ly-suffix is that of deletion of