Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang

(23) * Mary hates the students all.
On the position of the OE quantifier eall and PDE all 119
The students all is derived by adjoining the student to the QP headed by all. Since
this operation takes place in the complement of VP, which is a theta position, it interferes
with theta-role assignment, rendering the sentence ungrammatical. Given
this, let us now consider example (11a), repeated here as (24).
(24) Hwæt ða siððan se sigefæsta cempa. þone eard ealne.
thereupon the victorious champion the country all
emlice dælde. betwux twelf mægðum. þæs æðelan mancynnes.
equally divided between twelf tribes of the noble race
“Thereupon the victorious champion equally divided all the country among the
twelve tribes of the noble race” (ÆCHom II 122.409)
In (24) the quantified object þone eard ealne “all the country” is considered to be
derived through the operation illustrated in (21). If this object were in the complement
of the VP headed by dælde “divided”, as in (23), the sentence would be
ungrammatical. However, it should be noted here that in (24) the adverb emlice
“equally” intervenes between the object þone eard ealne “all the country” and the
verb dælde “divided”. Assuming that this adverb is adjoined to the VP, the quantified
object may be raised out of the VP. The derivation takes place as follows:
(25) a. [ VP emlice [ VP [ QP ealne þone eard ] dælde ]]
b. [ QP ealne þone eard ] [ VP emlice [ VP t dælde]]
c. [ QP [ NP þone eard ] [ QP ealne t ]] [ VP emlice [ VP t dælde ]]
In (25b) the quantified object ealne þone eard is raised out of the VP headed by dælde,
and then the NP þone eard is adjoined to the QP acyclically within the QP in (25c).
In the other examples with accusative NPs and the quantifier, no adverbs intervene
between the quantified objects and the verbs. These examples provide no
clear evidence that an object exists outside the VP. But, if the object remains in the
complement of VP, the sentence will be ruled out as a violation of the conditions in
(22). This may have resulted in the low frequency of the ‘full-NP-quantifier’ order
in the data. 9
Compared with the ‘full-NP-quantifier’ order, the ‘pronoun-quantifier’ order
is more frequent, as described in Section 3 (1.5% vs. 80.0%). This can be accounted
9. In order to show what position the object occupies in sentences like (11b), however, a more
detailed study will be needed. This is left open for future research.