Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International ... - STIBA Malang
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110 Tomohiro Yanagi<br />
The sentences in (1) involve <strong>the</strong> quantifier floating <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject it modifies. 1<br />
The positions of this floating quantifier are generally assumed to be <strong>the</strong> positions<br />
a subject occupies in cyclically moving to <strong>the</strong> sentence-initial position as<br />
in (2). By contrast, <strong>the</strong> quantifier cannot occur after an object NP unless it is followed<br />
by a predicative complement. These facts have been discussed in generative<br />
literature. 2<br />
On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, it seems that little attention has been paid to <strong>the</strong> quantifier<br />
eall in Old English (OE) <strong>from</strong> a generative point of view. 3 This chapter <strong>the</strong>refore<br />
focuses on <strong>the</strong> OE quantifier eall, and shows that eall in OE exhibits <strong>the</strong> same<br />
distributional properties as <strong>the</strong> quantifier all in PDE. We also examine in what<br />
positions <strong>the</strong> OE quantifier eall can occur.<br />
2. PDE quantifier all<br />
Before dealing with <strong>the</strong> OE quantifier eall data, this section reviews some syntactic<br />
properties of <strong>the</strong> quantifier all in PDE. First, <strong>the</strong> PDE quantifier can ‘float’ <strong>from</strong> a<br />
subject it modifies, as in (3b).<br />
(3) a. All <strong>the</strong> students have finished <strong>the</strong> assignment.<br />
b. The students have all finished <strong>the</strong> assignment. (Bobaljik 2003: 107)<br />
In (3a) all occurs before <strong>the</strong> subject NP while all in (3b) occupies <strong>the</strong> position<br />
between <strong>the</strong> two verbs have and finished.<br />
Second, unlike <strong>the</strong> quantifier modifying a subject, <strong>the</strong> quantifier modifying an<br />
object generally cannot follow <strong>the</strong> object, as in (4).<br />
(4) a. * Mary hates <strong>the</strong> students all.<br />
b. * I like <strong>the</strong> men all.<br />
c. * I saw <strong>the</strong> men all yesterday.<br />
However, <strong>the</strong>se sentences become grammatical if <strong>the</strong> objects are pronominalized<br />
as in (5).<br />
1. In <strong>the</strong> recent generative framework <strong>the</strong> term ‘floating’ would be replaced by ‘stranded’, but<br />
this paper uses <strong>the</strong> conventional term.<br />
2. There are two major approaches to <strong>the</strong> floating quantifier: <strong>the</strong> stranding analysis (cf. Sportiche<br />
1988; McCloskey 2000; Bošcović 2004, and o<strong>the</strong>rs) and <strong>the</strong> adverbial analysis (cf. Williams<br />
1982; Baltin 1995; Torrego 1996, and o<strong>the</strong>rs). See Bobaljik (2003) for an extensive overview of<br />
floating quantifiers.<br />
3. For a diachronic study of <strong>the</strong> quantifier all and o<strong>the</strong>r quantifiers such as each, many, and<br />
some, see Carlson (1978) and Lightfoot (1979).