ÇAĞRILI KONUŞMALAR / KEYNOTES Invited Speeches ... - TPJD
ÇAĞRILI KONUŞMALAR / KEYNOTES Invited Speeches ... - TPJD
ÇAĞRILI KONUŞMALAR / KEYNOTES Invited Speeches ... - TPJD
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Clastic-Carbonate Facies of Çaybağı Formation (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene),<br />
Eastern Elazığ, Eastern Turkey<br />
Calı̇be Koç Taşgin 1 , İbrahı̇m Türkmen 2<br />
1 Fırat University, Geological Engineering Department, Elazığ<br />
2 Balıkesir University, Geological Engineering Department, Balıkesir<br />
The Çaybağı Formation located between Çaybağı and Kovancılar (eastern Elazığ) comprises fluvial<br />
and lacustrine deposits. Fluvial deposits are represented braided and low sinuosity river facies.<br />
The braided river deposits is characterized by parallel bedded conglomerate, planar cross-bedded<br />
conglomerate, planar-trough cross-bedded sandstone, low-angle cross bedded sandstone,<br />
parallel laminated sandstone and massive red mudstone. The low-sinuosity river deposits consist<br />
of parallel bedded conglomerate, planar-trough cross-bedded conglomerate, planar-trough<br />
cross-bedded sandstone, ripple-cross laminated sandstone, parallel laminated sandstone,<br />
sitstone, carbonaceous mudstone, massive red mudstone, gray claystone, clayey limestone and<br />
turba. The gray claystone and clayey limestone contain freshwater ostracods, gastropods and<br />
pelecypods. Lacustrine deposits compose of three main facies associations. These are delta,<br />
shallow lacustrine and open lacustrine. The delta deposits were grouped into subassociations;<br />
delta top, delta front and prodelta (open lacustrine). Facies in delta top subassociation are<br />
represented by parallel bedded conglomerate, planar-trough cross-bedded sandstone as channel<br />
deposits, parallel laminated sandstone, siltstone as levee deposits, red mudstone, gray claystone<br />
as flood plain deposits, clayey limestone as ponded water and carbonaceous mudstone and peat<br />
as swamp deposits. Two type of delta front subassociation were recognised; gilbert-type delta<br />
front subassociation and mouth-bar type delta front subassociation. Facies in the gilbert-type<br />
delta front subassociation are represented by parallel bedded conglomerate, parallel laminated<br />
sandstone as topset deposits, large-scale cross-bedded conglomerate up to 5 m thick as foreset<br />
deposit and low-angle cross bedded conglomerate, planar cross-bedded sandstone, parallel<br />
laminated sandstone as bottomset deposits. The mouth-bar type delta front deposits compose<br />
of parallel bedded conglomerate, planar-trough cross-bedded conglomerate, planar-trough<br />
parallel laminated sandstone and siltstone. The shallow lacustrine environment is represented<br />
by parallel laminated sandstone, siltstone, carbonaceous mudstone, gray claystone, clayey<br />
limestone, marl and turba. Fine-grained facies such as carbonaceous mudstone, gray claystone,<br />
clayey limestone, marl in this margin environment contain abundant ostracod, gastropod,<br />
pelecypod and charophytes fossils. The peats ovelie the carbonaceous mudstone and clayey<br />
limestone. There are rhizolits in the carbonaceous mudstone, clayey limestone near their upper<br />
contact with the peat. The clayey limestone contains abundant leaves and other plant fossils. The<br />
offshore lacustrine deposits consist of carbonaceous mudstone, gray claystone, clayey limestone<br />
and marl. These lithofacies contain poorly preserved fosil remains, freshwater ostracods and rare<br />
freshwater gastropod.<br />
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