ANTI-NUTRITIONAL CONSTITUENT OF COLOCASIA ESCULENTA ...

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SECTION A PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND SOME ANTI NUTRIENTS IN PROCESSED AND UNPROCESSED COLOCASIA ESCULENTA SUMMARY Amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta) is widely grown in the subtropical parts ofSouth Africa as a subsistence crop. Like most root crops, Amadumbe is high in carbohydrate content with low levels of protein and lipids. Amadumbe contain some essential fatty acids. Preliminary screening of Amadmnbe revealed the presence of some anti-nutrients (substances in food ofplant origin that interfere directly with the absorption ofnutrients). Processing (boiling, frying and roasting) ofAmadumbe showed a reduction in the content of these anti-nutritional factors (amylase inhibitor, trypsin inhibitor, oxalate, alkaloids, saponin, phytate and total phenols). Ofthe three different treatments, boiling appeared to be the most effective in reducing levels of all the investigated anti-nutrients in the white variety ofAmadmnbe. Any ofthe domestic processes used in this research work could be employed detoxifying most of the investigated anti-nutritional factors in Colocasia esculenta. 3
Page 1 and 2: ANTI-NUTRITIONAL CONSTITUENT OF COL
Page 3: ABSTRACT Colocasia esculenta 1. Sch
Page 6 and 7: • My colleagues Kayode, Stranger,
Page 8 and 9: CHAPTER A-2 : MATERIALS AND METHODS
Page 10 and 11: CHAPTER 8-1-4 : DISCUSSION Bl-A.l I
Page 12 and 13: C.3.3 EXPERIMENTAL TEST C.3.3.1 Foo
Page 14: MakP Makatini purple MakW Makatini
Page 17 and 18: Figures C3-9 Figure B-1 The activit
Page 19 and 20: Table C3-3 TableC3-4 Summary ofseru
Page 21: crop. Amadumbe is not extensively c
Page 25 and 26: Plants of the genus Colocasia are e
Page 27 and 28: Colocasta esculenta (L.) Schott is
Page 29 and 30: A.l.3 A.1.3.1 A.1.3.2 acquired an i
Page 31 and 32: • seed development and mobilizati
Page 33 and 34: A protein which inactivates trypsin
Page 35 and 36: A.l.4.3 Hollenbeck et al., 1983; Ca
Page 39: A.I.4.S 1977), (Hagerman and Butler
Page 44 and 45: The ability of phytic acid to compl
Page 47: Cytochrome oxidase, the terminal ox
Page 50 and 51: .- harvest, packaging, storage cond
Page 52: A.2.1 Introduction A.2.2 A.2.2.1 A.
Page 55 and 56: A.2.3.3 A.2.3.4 U.3.4.1 iii. Roasti
Page 57 and 58: A.2.3.5 A.2.3.6 A.2.3.6.1 A.2.3.6.2
Page 60 and 61: A.2.3.6.8 A.2.3.6.9 A.2.3.6.10 A.2.
Page 62 and 63: A.3.1 Introduction CHAPTERA-3 RESUL
Page 64 and 65: Table A3-1b: The crude fat and crud
Page 66: A.3.3 Mineral analysis The composit
Page 69: .=-- I:TOFMSd I' EWM 1 1 1 .1 "'I I
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Inhibition oftrypsin obtained with
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Phytochemical screening was carried
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The phytate content of the Amadumbe
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Carbohydrates supply the most energ
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.\.4.2.2 Mineral analysis Diet is r
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determine fatty acid composition. P
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(Njintang et al., 2006), whereas ta
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owing to the adverse effects ofhigh
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Thus, it was observed that several
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The study showed that Amadumbe tube
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REFERENCES Adeparusi E.O. (2001) Ef
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Badifu G.I.O. (2001) Effect of proc
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Britton 1., Pavord 1., Richards K,
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OiffJ., Nicala D., Saute F., Givrag
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Duthie G.G., Duthie SJ. and Kyle AM
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Fook JM.S.L.L., Macedo l.L.P., Moma
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Hagerman AE. and Butler L.G. (1991)
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Huang Y.-e., Chang Y.-H. and Shao Y
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Liener I.E. (1982) Toxic constituen
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Mattila P. and Hellstrom J. (2007)
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Naczk M and Shabidi F. (2006) Pheno
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Onabolu AO., Oluwole O.SA, Bokanga
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Price, MP. and Butler L.G. (1977).
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Reddy N.R.and Pierson MD. (1994) Re
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Sasikiran KG., Padmaja e.S., Easwar
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Simeonova F.P. and Fishbein 1. (200
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Urbano G., L6pez-Jurado M, Aranda P
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World Health Organisation Consultat
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B1.1.1 Introduction CHAPTER Bl-l: a
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B1.1.2.1 Lectin-like a-amylase inhi
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a.-Amylase inhibitors could functio
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B1.2.1 Introduction B1.2.2 Material
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B1.2.3.1.1 The supernatant (designa
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The profile ofthe ion-exchange chro
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Optimum pH for amylase inlnbitor ac
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B1.4.3.2 inhibitor molecule general
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B2.1.1 B2.1.2.1 Introduction CHAPTE
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1l2.1.2.2 acetylCoA + acetoacetyl C
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82.1.2.4 or (PH sn .. (pa'MsI) Fi
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B2.2.1 B2.2.2 B2.2.3 Introduction C
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B2.2.3.3 Spectroscopy B2.2.3.3.1 In
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B2.3.t B2.3.2 Introduction CHAPfER
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Sitosterols are the most extensivel
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B.S.l a-Amylase inhibitor B.S.2 Sap
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Boivin M., Flourie B., Rizza RA, Go
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Durward S., Smith IN., Cash W-K N.
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Heidari R., Zareae S. and Heidariza
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Maskos K., Huber-Wunderlich M and G
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Osagie AU. (1977) Phytosterols in s
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Sondhia S. (2005) Isolation, struct
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Wretensjo 1. (2004) Characterisatio
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c.1.1 Introduction CHAPTERC-l LITER
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C.1.2.3 respoDSlble for transport o
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C.1.3 Cl.3.! replaces some of the c
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C.l.4 Aim and outline ofSection C T
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C.2.2.3 C.2.2.3.1 Preliminary toxic
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C.2.2A.3 C.2.2.5 C.2.2.5.1 biochemi
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C.3.2.3 C.3.3 C.3.3.1 Clinical sign
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C.3.3.4 Haematology tests Serum bio
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Animals treated with beta-sitostero
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Figure C3-6: Representative photomi
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.'" ... .., ., .... •.'" ... Figu
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of free cholesterol depends on mixe
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indicate that beta-sitosterol boost
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CHAYfERC-5 CONCLUSION C.S.! Beta-si
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Bouic P J D. (2001) The role ofphyt
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Ellsworth J.L., Erickson SK and Coo
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Kwiterovich P.O. (2000) The metabol
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Nair P., Turjman N., Kessie G., CaI
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Vasarhelyi B., Szab6 T., Vec A and
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2.3 Cbaracterization and nntritiona
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AppendixA PREPARATION OF REAGENTS A
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A.A.ll 0.1 M Orthophosphorieletbano
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Liquid surfaces were fonned with et
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water. The homogenate was filtered
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410 DID and the colour remained sta
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B.A.2.9 Alkaloid [Harborne (1973»)
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Dextran blue was used to determine
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180 = molecular weight ofthe glucos
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AppendixD CERTIFICATE FROM ETInCS C
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