ANTI-NUTRITIONAL CONSTITUENT OF COLOCASIA ESCULENTA ...

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Price K.R, Eagles J. and Fenwick GR (2006) Saponin composition of 13 varieties of legume seed using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Journal ofthe Science of FoodandAgriculture42,183-193. Reddy N.R. and Pierson MD. (1994) Rednction in antinutritional and toxic components in plant foods by fermentation. Food Research Intemational27, 281-290. Rekha MR, Sasikiran K. and Padmaja G. (2004) Inluoitor potential ofprotease and u amylase inlnoitors ofsweet potato and taro on the digestive enzymes ofroot crop storage pests. Journal ofStoredProduct Research 40, 461-470. Richardson M. (1991) Seed storage proteins: the enzyme inlnoitors In: Methods in Plant Biochemistry (Ed) Rogers L.J., VoL 5, Academic Press, New York. pp 259-305. Roy 1. and Gupta M.N. (2000) Purification ofa 'double-headed' inlnoitor ofalpha amylase / proteinase K from wheat germ by expanded bed chromatography. Bioseparation 9, 239-45. Slijadi Tabassi SA, Hosseinzadeh H., Ramezani M, Moghimipour E. and Mohajeri SA (2007) Isolation, characterization and study of enhancing effects on nasal absorption of insulin in rat of the total saponin from Acanthophyllum squarrosum. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 39, 226-230. Salen G., Ahrens E.H. Jr and. Grondy S.M (1970) Metabolism ofbeta-sitosterol in man. J elin Invest 49, 952-967. Sarnthein-Graf C. and La Mesa C (2004) Association of saponins in water and water gelatine mixtures. Thermochimica Acta 418, 79-84. 176
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ANTI-NUTRITIONAL CONSTITUENT OF COL
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ABSTRACT Colocasia esculenta 1. Sch
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• My colleagues Kayode, Stranger,
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CHAPTER A-2 : MATERIALS AND METHODS
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CHAPTER 8-1-4 : DISCUSSION Bl-A.l I
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C.3.3 EXPERIMENTAL TEST C.3.3.1 Foo
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MakP Makatini purple MakW Makatini
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Figures C3-9 Figure B-1 The activit
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Table C3-3 TableC3-4 Summary ofseru
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crop. Amadumbe is not extensively c
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section of the study therefore inve
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Figure AI-2: The aboveground portio
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Taro is produced in the Pacific Isl
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A.1.4 Anti-nutrients Foods are comp
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essential amino acids not available
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A.l.4.2 Amylase inhibitors In order
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A.l.4.4 Total polyphenols Polypheno
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A.1.4.7 when the levels are high en
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A.1.4.8 coordination sides to inhib
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However,ifsaponins have a triterpen
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A.l.6 nutritional factors naturally
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A.2.2.3 A.2.3 A.2.3.1 A.2.3.2 Speci
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A.2.3.4.2 A.2.3.4.3 A2.3.4.4 In ano
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A.2.3.6.3 \.2.3.6.3.1 \.2.3.6.3.2 L
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sulphuric acid. Absorbance was meas
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Table A3-1a: The moisture and ash c
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Table A3-1c Carbohydrate content (g
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and 4.13 mg 100 g-l DMin the unproc
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Table A3-3c: Fatty acids identified
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Table AJ-4b: The phenolic compounds
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The results of the analysis of alka
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MtW MtP EW EP MakW MakP Figure A3-3
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The crude fat analysis ofZululand C
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The relative proportion ofNa, Ca, K
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TIA indicated that the trypsin inhi
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samples in this study were also hig
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The cyanogen levels for Amadumbe tu
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CHAPTERA-5 CONCLUSION A.5.1 Nutriti
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In conclusion, Section A ofthis stu
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Alfaia S., Ribeiro G., Nobre A, Lui
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Bhattacharyya A, Rai S. and Babu CR
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Chavan U.D., Shahidi F. and Naczk M
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De la Cuadra C., Muzquiz M, Burbano
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Fatty acids. (2008) CyberlipidCente
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Grant G. (1991) Lectins. In: Toxic
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HofmanP., Vuthapanich S., Whiley A,
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Jobnson LT., Gee J.M, Price K.R., C
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MagaJA (1978) Simple phenols and ph
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Milton K. (2003) Micronutrient inta
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Noonan S.C. and Savage G.P. (1999)
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Pathirana C, Gibney MJ. and Taylor
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Quesada C., Bartolome B., Nieto 0.,
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Robertson RN., Highkin H.R., Smydzu
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Sheeba R. and Padmaja G. (1997) Mec
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Thompson L.U. (1988) Antinutrients
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Vijayakumari K, Siddhuraju P. and J
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PURIFICATION AND AMYLASE INHIBITOR
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calcium metalloenzymes, are complet
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Bl.1.2.4 Kunitz-Iike a-amylase inhi
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diabetes mellitus or obesity. Octiv
Page 144 and 145: B1.2.3.1 Extraction and purificatio
Page 147: BI.3.1 BI.3.2.1 Introduction CHAPTE
Page 152: B1.3.2.2 Kinetic studies The inhibi
Page 155 and 156: Bl.4.1 B1.4.2 Introduction CHAPTER
Page 157 and 158: Bl.4.3.3 results that amylase inhib
Page 159 and 160: The chemical structure ofits sapoge
Page 162 and 163: 12.1.2.3 Steroidal saponin The trit
Page 164 and 165: (the in vitro haemolytic activity)
Page 167 and 168: 82.2.3.2 82.2.3.2.1 B2.2.3.2.2 Air-
Page 169 and 170: 82.2.3.3.4 • ion source temperatu
Page 173: Figure 82-3.3: Chromatogram ofsapon
Page 180 and 181: Gamma- and possibly beta-sitosterol
Page 182: whereas beta-sitosterol was. It was
Page 185 and 186: Cheeke PR. (1971) Nutritional and p
Page 187 and 188: Franco O.L., Rigden D.L., Melo F.R
Page 190 and 191: Kokiladevi E., Manickam A and Thayu
Page 192 and 193: Morton R.L., Schroeder RE., Bateman
Page 196 and 197: Sondhia S. (2005) Isolation, struct
Page 198 and 199: Wretensjo 1. (2004) Characterisatio
Page 200 and 201: c.1.1 Introduction CHAPTERC-l LITER
Page 202 and 203: C.1.2.3 respoDSlble for transport o
Page 204 and 205: C.1.3 Cl.3.! replaces some of the c
Page 208 and 209: C.l.4 Aim and outline ofSection C T
Page 210 and 211: C.2.2.3 C.2.2.3.1 Preliminary toxic
Page 212: C.2.2A.3 C.2.2.5 C.2.2.5.1 biochemi
Page 216: C.3.2.3 C.3.3 C.3.3.1 Clinical sign
Page 220 and 221: C.3.3.4 Haematology tests Serum bio
Page 222 and 223: Animals treated with beta-sitostero
Page 224 and 225: Figure C3-6: Representative photomi
Page 228 and 229: .'" ... .., ., .... •.'" ... Figu
Page 230 and 231: of free cholesterol depends on mixe
Page 233 and 234: indicate that beta-sitosterol boost
Page 235: CHAYfERC-5 CONCLUSION C.S.! Beta-si
Page 238 and 239: Bouic P J D. (2001) The role ofphyt
Page 240: Ellsworth J.L., Erickson SK and Coo
Page 243: Kwiterovich P.O. (2000) The metabol
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Nair P., Turjman N., Kessie G., CaI
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Vasarhelyi B., Szab6 T., Vec A and
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2.3 Cbaracterization and nntritiona
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AppendixA PREPARATION OF REAGENTS A
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A.A.ll 0.1 M Orthophosphorieletbano
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Liquid surfaces were fonned with et
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water. The homogenate was filtered
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410 DID and the colour remained sta
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B.A.2.9 Alkaloid [Harborne (1973»)
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Dextran blue was used to determine
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180 = molecular weight ofthe glucos
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AppendixD CERTIFICATE FROM ETInCS C
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