ANTI-NUTRITIONAL CONSTITUENT OF COLOCASIA ESCULENTA ...

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CHAPTER 8-1-4 : DISCUSSION Bl-A.l INTRODUCTION BI-4.2 ISOLATION OF a-AMYLASE INHIBITOR Bl-4.3 KINETIC STUDIES Bl-4.3.1 Action ofinhibitors on different a-amy1ases Bl-4.3.2 Effect oftemperature on the inhibitor activity BI-4.3.3 Effect ofpH on the interaction ofamylase with inhibitor CHAPTER B2-1 : LITERATURE REVIEW (SAPONIN) B2-1.1 INTRODUCTION B2-1.2.1 SAPONIN-CHEMISlRY B2-1.2.2 Triterpenoid saponin B2-1.2.3 Steroidal saponin B2-1.2.4 Biological activity B2-2.1.3 AIM AND OUTLINE OF SECTION B-2 CHAPTER B2-2 : MATERIALS AND METHODS B2-2.1 INTRODUCTION B2-2.2 PLANT MATERIAL B2-2.3 METHODS B2-2.3.1 Saponin extraction and isolation B2-2.3.2 Chromatographic methods B2-2.3.3 Spectroscopy CHAPTER B2-3 : RESULTS B2-3.1 INTRODUCTION B2-3.2 EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF SAPONINS CHAPTER B2-4 : DISCUSSION B2-4.1 INTRODUCTION B2-4.2 SAPONIN CHAPTER8-5 : GENERAL CONCLUSION BSI a-AMYLASE INHIBITOR "VUl 137 137 137 137 138 139 140 140 142 144 145 146 147 147 148 149 150 152 152 158 158 163
B.5.2 REFERENCES SECTION C EFFECTS OF INGESTED BETA-SITOSTEROL ON DIGESTIVE AND ABSORPTIVE ENn'MES IN RATS SUMMARY CHAPTER C-l : LITERATURE REVIEW C.1.l INTRODUCTION C.1.2.1 Stereochemical structure C.l.2.2 Pharmacochemistry and Pharmacokinetics c.1.2.3 Biological activities c.1.3 DIGESTIVE ENZYMES C.1.3.1 Disaccbaridases C.1.3.2 C.1.4 CHAPTER C-2 : MATERIALS AND METHODS C.2.1 INTRODUCTION C.2.2 MATERIALS AND ME1HODS C.2.3 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION C.2.2.2 Solubilisation ofbeta-sitosterol C.2.2.3 PRELIMINARY TOXICITY TEST C.2.2.4 EXPERIMENTAL TEST C.2.2.5 C.2.2.6 SAPONIN CHAPTER C-3 : RESULTS ATPase AIM AND OUTLINE OF SECTION C Measurement ofenzyme activities STATISTICAL ANALYSIS C.3.1 INTRODUCTION C.3.2 PRELIMINARY TOXICITY TEST C.3.2.1 Food and water consumption 196 C.3.2.2 Body weight changes 197 C.3.2.3 Clinical signs 198 LX 163 162 181 182 182 183 184 186 188 190 191 191 191 191 192 193 194 195 196
Page 1 and 2: ANTI-NUTRITIONAL CONSTITUENT OF COL
Page 3: ABSTRACT Colocasia esculenta 1. Sch
Page 6 and 7: • My colleagues Kayode, Stranger,
Page 8 and 9: CHAPTER A-2 : MATERIALS AND METHODS
Page 12 and 13: C.3.3 EXPERIMENTAL TEST C.3.3.1 Foo
Page 14: MakP Makatini purple MakW Makatini
Page 17 and 18: Figures C3-9 Figure B-1 The activit
Page 19 and 20: Table C3-3 TableC3-4 Summary ofseru
Page 21 and 22: crop. Amadumbe is not extensively c
Page 24 and 25: section of the study therefore inve
Page 26 and 27: Figure AI-2: The aboveground portio
Page 28 and 29: Taro is produced in the Pacific Isl
Page 30 and 31: A.1.4 Anti-nutrients Foods are comp
Page 32 and 33: essential amino acids not available
Page 34 and 35: A.l.4.2 Amylase inhibitors In order
Page 36: A.l.4.4 Total polyphenols Polypheno
Page 42: A.1.4.7 when the levels are high en
Page 45: A.1.4.8 coordination sides to inhib
Page 49 and 50: However,ifsaponins have a triterpen
Page 51 and 52: A.l.6 nutritional factors naturally
Page 54 and 55: A.2.2.3 A.2.3 A.2.3.1 A.2.3.2 Speci
Page 56 and 57: A.2.3.4.2 A.2.3.4.3 A2.3.4.4 In ano
Page 58: A.2.3.6.3 \.2.3.6.3.1 \.2.3.6.3.2 L
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sulphuric acid. Absorbance was meas
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Table A3-1a: The moisture and ash c
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Table A3-1c Carbohydrate content (g
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and 4.13 mg 100 g-l DMin the unproc
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Table A3-3c: Fatty acids identified
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Table AJ-4b: The phenolic compounds
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The results of the analysis of alka
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MtW MtP EW EP MakW MakP Figure A3-3
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The crude fat analysis ofZululand C
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The relative proportion ofNa, Ca, K
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TIA indicated that the trypsin inhi
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samples in this study were also hig
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The cyanogen levels for Amadumbe tu
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CHAPTERA-5 CONCLUSION A.5.1 Nutriti
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In conclusion, Section A ofthis stu
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Alfaia S., Ribeiro G., Nobre A, Lui
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Bhattacharyya A, Rai S. and Babu CR
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Chavan U.D., Shahidi F. and Naczk M
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De la Cuadra C., Muzquiz M, Burbano
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Fatty acids. (2008) CyberlipidCente
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Grant G. (1991) Lectins. In: Toxic
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HofmanP., Vuthapanich S., Whiley A,
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Jobnson LT., Gee J.M, Price K.R., C
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MagaJA (1978) Simple phenols and ph
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Milton K. (2003) Micronutrient inta
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Noonan S.C. and Savage G.P. (1999)
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Pathirana C, Gibney MJ. and Taylor
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Quesada C., Bartolome B., Nieto 0.,
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Robertson RN., Highkin H.R., Smydzu
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Sheeba R. and Padmaja G. (1997) Mec
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Thompson L.U. (1988) Antinutrients
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Vijayakumari K, Siddhuraju P. and J
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PURIFICATION AND AMYLASE INHIBITOR
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calcium metalloenzymes, are complet
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Bl.1.2.4 Kunitz-Iike a-amylase inhi
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diabetes mellitus or obesity. Octiv
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B1.2.3.1 Extraction and purificatio
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BI.3.1 BI.3.2.1 Introduction CHAPTE
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B1.3.2.2 Kinetic studies The inhibi
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Bl.4.1 B1.4.2 Introduction CHAPTER
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Bl.4.3.3 results that amylase inhib
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The chemical structure ofits sapoge
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12.1.2.3 Steroidal saponin The trit
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(the in vitro haemolytic activity)
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82.2.3.2 82.2.3.2.1 B2.2.3.2.2 Air-
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82.2.3.3.4 • ion source temperatu
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Figure 82-3.3: Chromatogram ofsapon
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Gamma- and possibly beta-sitosterol
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whereas beta-sitosterol was. It was
Page 185 and 186:
Cheeke PR. (1971) Nutritional and p
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Franco O.L., Rigden D.L., Melo F.R
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Kokiladevi E., Manickam A and Thayu
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Morton R.L., Schroeder RE., Bateman
Page 194:
Price K.R, Eagles J. and Fenwick GR
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Ukpabi U.R and Ukpabi J.U. (2003) P
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SECTIONC EFFECTS OF INGESTED BETA-S
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C.1.2.2 and fungal cells contain on
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Beta-sitosterol has been successful
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Digestive enzymes do the all import
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C.2.1 Introduction CHAPTERC-2 MATER
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C.2.2.3.3 C.2.2.4 C.2.2.4.1 C.2.2.4
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C.3.! Introduction CHAPTERC-3 RESUL
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C.3.3.3 Clinical signs The appearan
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C.3.3.5 ALT and AST values were sig
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.. - Figure C3-5: Representative ph
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Figure C3-7: Representative photomi
Page 229 and 230:
C.4.1 Introduction CHAPTERC-4 DISCU
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significantly, decreased after beta
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decreased by sitosterols as a resul
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Bhattacharyya AI
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Dablqvist A (1968) Assay ofintestin
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Ivorra MD., D'OconMP., Paya M and V
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Miettinen TA, Tilvis RS. and Kesani
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Pollak O.I. and Kritchevsky D. (198
Page 251 and 252:
2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 GENERAL
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2.4 Suggestions for future work Fur
Page 255:
A.A.3 Enzyme trypsin 10 mg bovine-p
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AppendixB DETAILS OF MEmOOOLOGY BA1
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sugars were estimated from standard
Page 263 and 264:
B.A.l.5.4.5 Liquid Chromatography M
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B.A.2.4 Tannin [Van-Burden and Robi
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The mixture was stirred continuousl
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B.C.l Esterification ofbeta-sitoste
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AppendixC OLEIC ACID STANDARD 230 2
Page 279:
5 '11I;1 5 2 r - - - • j ,et [:=:
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