PROGRESS IN PROTOZOOLOGY

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220 W. MICHAJLOW Continuous observation of individual cultures is most important in all investigations, because there have been found many euglenids parasitic in copepods which can have several free-living generations in the aquatic environment; yet these euglenids remain obligate parasites of copepods. I cannot consider here the detailed procedures necessary for species determination; they are described in numerous papers written by me and my coworkers. The general criteria to be employed in determining parasitic euglenids are as follows: (a) the structure of parasitic and free-living forms (in a life cycle); (b) details of the developmental cycle; (c) typical movement of the parasitic and free-living forms; (d) host specificity based on statistical data; (e) geographic distribution. Naturally, each of the foregoing categories entails more detailed characteristics. For example, as far as structure is concerned, one can differentiate 15 characteristics of the parasitic forms and an equal number of characteristics limited to the free-living species. Among others, the important characteristics include the type of the mastigont or of paramylon (number, shape, etc. of the paramylon inclusions). In the course of the developmental cycle, one should consider the method of entry into the host and the site within it (e.g., intestine, body cavity, ovum), the method of leaving the host, the ways of multiplication, and the period of each phase of the developmental cycle, etc. — a total of 25 characteristics. The characteristic movement of the parasitic and free-living forms is difficult to describe; it can be best demonstrated by cinemicrography. One can differentiate several degrees of hostparasite specifity, ranging from very wide to quite narrow. The differences in the degree of specificity depend upon geographical, ecological, and even phenological factors. Some other criterions of distinguishing the taxonomic units of Euglenida, e.g., biochemical and enzymatic properties, which undoubtedly will be taken into consideration in the future. Naturally, the aforementioned characteristics have varying values in differentiating families, genera, and species. For example, the general structure of the mastigont is important in differentiation of suborders and paramylon in that of species. The parasitic Dinema (Heteronematina) have different developmental cycles. In this instance parasitism has been the main factor in speciation as well as in micro- and macroevolution. In this suborder we find genera, e.g., Dinemula, Dinemina, Paradinemula, and Mononema, containing only parasitic species. In the suborder Euglenina there is the family Parastasiellidae consisting of 11 exclusively parasitic species. http://rcin.org.pl
THE TAXONOMIC POSITION OF EVGLENIDA PARASITICA 221 What is the placement of various taxa of Euglenida parasitica in the new System of Classification proposed by L e v i n e et al. (1980)? This question was the subject of my contribution presented at this Congress (M i c h a j 1 o w 1981). Eighty-three species belonging to partly or entirely parasitic genera can be placed in the suborders Euglenina, Eutreptiina, and Heteronematina. Forty-five species of the family Embryocoelidae have no common characteristics with any of the aforementioned or three other suborders. Therefore, I suggested the creation of a new exclusively parasitic suborder Embryocolina, comprising genera with certain morphological characteristics, especially with a mastigont containing an asymmetrically located flagellum which has a characteristic movement as a unit. If this recommendation is accepted we shall be able to assert that (also in this instance) parasitism causing speciation leads toward parasitic megaevolution. http://rcin.org.pl
Page 1 and 2: POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NENCKI I
Page 3 and 4: PROGRESS IN PROTOZOOLOGY Proceeding
Page 5 and 6: INTRODUCTORY REMARKS This Part II o
Page 9 and 10: 183 In his abstract Mignot (1981) s
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Page 13 and 14: 187 algae by phycologists (Bourelly
Page 21 and 22: 195 The foregoing subdivisions of A
Page 35 and 36: 209 vine et al. 1980), there is no
Page 39 and 40: 213 evidence for the assumption of
Page 41 and 42: REFERENCES 215 Bardele C. F. 1977:
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Page 51 and 52: 225 brate cycle in vitro. Further c
Page 53 and 54: 227 could support the development o
Page 55 and 56: 229 for the development of methods
Page 57 and 58: IN VITRO CULTIVATION OF PARASITIC P
Page 59 and 60: Malaria IN VITRO CULTIVATION OF PAR
Page 61 and 62: IN VITRO CULTIVATION OF PARASITIC P
Page 63 and 64: 237 Rai Choudhuri A. N.. Chowdhuri
Page 67 and 68: 241 Only those with 9-type 1 fronto
Page 71 and 72: THE MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF TETRAHYM
Page 73 and 74: 247 in eukaryotes. It is about the
Page 75 and 76: Table 2 Mating species of Tetrahyme
Page 83 and 84: Table 8 Percentage of DNA reanneali
Page 85 and 86: 259 pattern; they do confirm our ju
Page 89 and 90: Table 13 Two-dimensional electropho
Page 91 and 92: 265 Cuny M., Milet M. and Hayes D.
Page 95 and 96: MEMBRANE FUSIONS IN PROTOZOA 269 It
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Table 1 Characterization of exocyto
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Fig. 3. Freeze fractured trichocyst
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* 1 ^MBBHBBHBBBBI jgf'- Fig. 5. Tan
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273 the preliminary designation "co
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MEMBRANE FUSIONS IN PROTOZOA 275 ba
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277 B i 1 i n s k i M., Plattner H.
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LIST OF SCIENTIFIC REPORTS presente
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281 structure and cytochemistry of
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283 LIST OF SCIENTIFIC REPORTS A. P
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285 LIST OF SCIENTIFIC REPORTS R. G
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287 LIST OF SCIENTIFIC REPORTS K. G
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LIST OF SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 289 R. A
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291 LIST OF SCIENTIFIC REPORTS magn
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293 Co-Chairman: Jan Kućera, Czech
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295 LIST OF SCIENTIFIC REPORTS for
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PROGRESS IN PROTOZOOLOGY Proceeding
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INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION AMONG P
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LONDON 1965 http://rcin.org.pl
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LENINGRAD 1969 http://rcin.org.pl
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CLERMONT-FERRAND 1973 http://rcin.o
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WARSAW 1981 http://rcin.org.pl
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CONTENTS Introductory Remarks 179 B
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