Journal - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine

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Plinio PRIORESCHI MEDICAL ETHICS IN MEDÝEVAL ISLAM 5. Ullmann M. Islamic Medicine. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1978: 30. 6. Al-Ruhawi, Adab al-Tabib, translated by Levey, In: Martin Levey, Medical Ethics of Medieval Islam with Special Reference to Al-Ruhawi’s “Practical Ethics of the Physician,” Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1967:8,12,56-57, 88-89. 7. Sami Hamarneh, Yunani (Unani), Arabic and Islamic Medicine and Pharmacy, Karachi: Hamdard Foundation, 1997: 67-70. 8. Muhadhib al-din Abu-l-Hasan Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Hubal al-Baghdadi ( Ibn Hubal). Kitab al-mukhtar fi-l-tibb (Kitab al-Mukh tarat fi l-tibb). In: Koning P, Leiden E J. Brill, editors and translatation. Abu Bekr Muhammed ibn Zakariya Al-Razi, Traité sur le calcul dans les reins et dans la vessie, 1896: 186-227. 9. Sarton G. Introduction to the History of Science. Baltimore: William & Wilkins, 3 Vols. (in five), 1927-1948: 430-431. 10. Leser G. Medical Education in Islamic Lands from the Seventh to the Fourteenth Century. Journal of History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, XXXVIII, 1983:48-75. 11. Lyons MC. The Kitab an-Nafi of Ali ibn Ridwan. Islamic Quarterly, 6, 68-69, 1961. Quoted by Dols In: Ibn Ridwan’s Treatise “On the Prevention of Bodily Ills in Egypt,” translated by Michael W. Dols, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984: 38. 12. Biesterfeldt HH. Some Opinion on the Physician’s Remuneration in Medieval Islam. Bull. Hist. Med., 1984; LVIII:16-27. 13. Ibn Ridwan. Treatise “On the Prevention of Bodily Ills in Egypt,” translated by Michael W. Dols, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984: 38. 14. The Arabian Nights, Night 25 (Story of the Hunchback), quoted by Goitein in: S. D. Goitein, A Mediterranean Society: the Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, Berkeley: University of California Press, 4 Vols., 1967-1983, II: 257. 48 JISHIM 2004, 3
Some Notes About the Influence of Arabian Medicine in New Spain Rolando NERI-VELA* * Department of the History and Philosophy of Medicine Faculty of Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico, National Academy of Medicine Mexican Academy of Surgery, Mexico e-mail : drnerivela@hotmail.com New Spain was a viceroyalty of Spain between 1521 and 1821. In this three centuries, the practice and the teaching of medicine had a great influence from Arabian medicine, because of the action of Arabs in Spain from VIII to XV centuries. I will try to do some reflections about it. Key Words; Medicine, Arabs, Avicenna, New Spain. New Spain was a viceroyalty, part of the great Spanish empire during three centuries, from 1521 to 1821. Its territory was occupied for part of the actual United States, Mexico and Central America. When Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec kingdom, began a new life into the medicine, because European medicine was mixed with aboriginal. The Spanish science, in that times, was mostly medieval, and so, was medicine. The medical, surgical and pharmacological practice were in delay if we compare it with the northern medicine of Europe. (1) Surely all Spanish physicians who crossed the ocean carried in their luggage the essential bibliographical material for their profession., all of them faithful to the knowledge of Avicenna. In the same books that edited Mexican presses we can know which one were. Francisco Bravo, who arrived to New Spain after he had studied in Alcalá de Henares and Osuna universities, in Spain, wrote the first medical book edited in America, named Opera Medicinalia, and cite, between others, authors like Galen, Avicenna, Rhazes, Hippocrates, Thucydides, Valles and Fracastoro. The works of Galen, Hippocrates and Avicenna were indispensable books for all medical doctors, and were edited many times. About the works from Avicenna that came to New Spain, we have a few notices. Avicenna was an author cited for all who wrote medical books in the Summary Viceroyalty, and at the same time, it is rare the book from Renaissance that didn’t include the Avicenna theories in its texts. Bravo didn’t say which of the Avicenna editions consulted although he pointed treatises and chapters of the work Canon, the most well known work from Avicenna was, between XVI century. Spanish medical doctors, an important work of consult, that was interpreted and informed in medical schools, simultaneously with Galen and Hippocrates. There were many editions, but incunabula were twenty, almost elaborated about the classical translation from Gerard of Cremona, in XII century. At the beginnings of the XVI century, in 1523 was published at Venice Praesens maximus codex est totius scientiae medicine principis Alboali Abinsene, monumental typographical work, and the most commented edition from the Persian physician, in whose interpretation supervised the most noted Italian doctors of that times. It was an important book and arrived to almost Spain medical centers. A copy of this work was used in the ceremonies at Alcalá de Henares to point out the themes for the grade exam. During the XVI century there were in Spain the Epitome or Compendium from Avicenna that was drafted by Miguel Capella, and Prima primi canonis Avicena section, written by Miguel Jerónimo de Ledesma, Valencian lecturer, that although only 49 JISHIM 2004, 3
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Journal - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine

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