RECOVERY PLAN FOR - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

mining remains a threat to these species, particularly to the
population on Hawaiian Home Lands. The lot on which the Hawaiian
Home Lands population occurs has been leased and cinder mining is
a possible future use of this land (James Dupont, pers. comm.
1993).
Mil itarv Maneuvers
In the past, large parts of this region have been leased to the
U.S. Army for training maneuvers (Nagata 1982). Such maneuvers
threaten these habitats with trampling and fire.
Zoning and Land Use
The land supporting these two species has no protective zoning or
conservation classification, the State of Hawaii land use
classification is Agricultural. The continued permitted use of
these sites for cattle grazing and cinder mining is a threat to
these species.
CONSERVATION EFFORTS
Federal Actions
Livochaeta venosa was listed as an endangered species in 197.9 (44
Federal Resister 62469). Isodendrion hosakae was listed as an
endangered species in 1991 (56 Federal Re2ister 1457). Both are
assigned recovery priority S on a scale from 1-18. No critical
habitat has been designated for either species.
State Actions
These species are listed by the’ State of Hawaii as endangered
(Hawaii Revised Statutes 19S). This is of particular importance
as this status protects these plants on private lands (while
Federal listing alone does not). The habitat of Isodendrion
hosakae and the majority of Lipochaeta venosa habitat are
privately owned. The State has initiated conservation management
of these two species, as outlined below.
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