RECOVERY PLAN FOR - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 3. Native species of flowering plants found on one or more Parker Ranch site within the ranges of Lipochaeta venosa or Isodendrion hosakae. Extracted from Cuddihy et al. 1983. Argemone glauca Pope Bidens menziesii (Gray) Sherff var. filiformis Sherff Bidens menziesii (Gray) Sherff var. menziesii Carex wahuensis C. A. Mey. var. rubizinosa R. W. Krauss Chenopodium oahuensis (Meyen) Aellen Cocculus trilobus (Thunb.) DC Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. *** Dubautia sp. Eragrostis atropioides Hbd. Chamaesvce celastroides (Boiss.) Croizat & Degener * Chamaesvce olowaluana (Sherff) Croizat & Degener Gnaphalium sandwicensiuin Gaud. Ivomoea indica (J. Burm.) Merr. Ivomoea tuboides Degener & van Ooststr. Liuochaeta lavarum (Gaud.) DC var. lavarum Osteomeles anthvllidifolia (Sm.) Lindl. Oxalis corniculata L. Panicum pellitum Trin. ** Portulaca sclerocaroa Gray Santalum elli~ticum Gaud. var. ellivticum Sicvos sp. nov. Sida fallax Walp. Silene struthioloides Gray So~hora chrvso~hvlla (Salisb.) Seem, StviThelia tameiameiae (Chain.) F. Muell. var. tameiameiae ** Vigna o-wahuensis Vogel Wikstroemia pulcherrima Skottsb. * C2 - Candidate for listing under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, but insufficient information to determine if listing is warranted. ** PE - Proposed for listing under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Recovery of Portulaca sclerocaroa addressed in Recovery Plan for the Hawaii Cluster Plants. *** Species not identified. Some species in this genus are C2 and some listed as endangered. 18
The percentage of total taxa that is native ranges from 32 at Site #1 to 47 at Site #4 (Cuddihy ~ al. 1983). REASONS FOR DECLINE AND CURRENT THREATS Overview The principal threats to these two species include habitat destruction by domestic cattle and feral herbivores, fire, cinder mining, and competition by introduced plant species, particularly fountain grass. The course of decline of these species was not documented. Neither species was ever’ documented to be more widely distributed than it is today. Destruction of the native vegetation of the Waimea region was well-advanced by the middle of the 19th century (Anon 1856 in Nagata 1982). Today, the ranchland surrounding these species is nearly treeless pasture for many miles. Hardy native shrubs and trees survive in topographic sites that reduce access to cattle, such as gullies, rough a’a lava flows, and the steep slopes of cinder cones. Communities with many native plants, such as the habitats of these endangered species, are very small and widely scattered. Cattle and other Herbivores Conclusive evidence that domestic or feral herbivores actually eat either of these endangered species is lacking (Nagata 1982; Cuddihy et al. 1983). Plants of Lioochaeta subcordata, however, are reportedly browsed by goats during seasonal drought (Herbst 1979), and it is likely that L. venosa is also palatable. The presumed decline of Isodendrion hosakae and Livochaeta venosa is undoubtedly the result of the severe habitat loss described above. Today, on the Parker Ranch, trampling and browsing damage results when cattle are concentrated in the area of the plants. Such damage to I. hosakae and other native shrubs was noted at Site #3 in 1988 after intensive grazing management had been used in the 19
Page 1 and 2: RECOVERY PLAN FOR LIPOCHAETA VENOSA
Page 3 and 4: Approve ~ Date: RECOVERY PLAN FOR L
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The recovery plan
Page 7 and 8: : area precludes rehabilitation of
Page 9 and 10: 8. REASON FOR DECLINE AND CURRENT T
Page 11 and 12: I. INTRODUCTION BRIEF OVERVIEW RECO
Page 13 and 14: . been reinterpreted as Lipochaeta
Page 15 and 16: . A third species, LiDochaeta lavar
Page 17 and 18: and I. hosakae and ~. venosa occur
Page 19 and 20: . Heritage Program EOCODE: PDAST5ZO
Page 21 and 22: . In 1980-82, eight plants were als
Page 23 and 24: Table 2. Phenological observations
Page 25 and 26: 1990 in a nursery at NTBG. The germ
Page 27: ) , The substrates where Isodendrio
Page 31 and 32: mining remains a threat to these sp
Page 33 and 34: The number of plants in cultivation
Page 35 and 36: OBJECTIVE II. RECOVERY This plan pr
Page 37 and 38: . #3, estimated at 300 successfully
Page 39 and 40: not as effective as they may be els
Page 41 and 42: . Plans should require improved acc
Page 43 and 44: . cooling, and play a strong role i
Page 45 and 46: . 24. Investigate pollinators of ea
Page 47 and 48: . historically and it is not found
Page 49 and 50: LITERATURE CITED Blumenstock, D. I.
Page 51 and 52: III. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE The Im
Page 53 and 54: LA PRIOR ITY TASK TASK DESCRIPTION
Page 55 and 56: 4> .5> PRIOR TASK RESPONSIBLE COST
Page 57 and 58: Appendix A. Reviewers of Draft Reco
Page 59 and 60: Environmental Protection Agency Haz
Page 61 and 62: Mr. Duane Kanuha Director, Planning
Page 63 and 64: Dr. Diane Ragone National Tropical

RECOVERY PLAN FOR - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?