Incidence, Distribution and Characteristics of Major Tomato Leaf ...
Incidence, Distribution and Characteristics of Major Tomato Leaf ... Incidence, Distribution and Characteristics of Major Tomato Leaf ...
Incidence, distribution and characteristics of major tomato leaf curl and mosaic virus diseases CHAPTER 3 A SURVEY OF TOMATO VIRUSES IN MAJOR TOMATO GROWING DISTRICTS OF UGANDA: VIRUS INCIDENCE, DISTRIBUTION AND IDENTIFICATION In this chapter, the objective is to identify and establish incidence of tomato viruses occurring in major tomato growing agro-climatic zones of Uganda 46
Incidence, distribution and characteristics of major tomato leaf curl and mosaic virus diseases 3 CHAPTER 3 A Survey of Tomato Viruses In Uganda: Incidence, Distribution, and Identification 3.1 Introduction It is known that 146 tomato viruses exist worldwide ¹ . According to available reports, some of these viruses occur in East Africa. As early as the 1960s, reports from neighbouring Tanzania indicated occurrence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (CMI, 1969), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (sensu stricto) and Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV- TZ), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Potato Virus Y (PVY) (Nono-Womdim et al., 1996; Chiang et al., 1996). Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) (sensu stricto) and Tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV-SD) (Yassin, 1989; Brunt et al., 1990) have also been reported from Sudan. However, Potato Virus X (PVX) and Chili veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) have not been reported on tomato from the East African region, and the report available to me about viruses occurring worldwide (Brunt et al., 1990) has nothing about PVX or ChiVMV occurrence on tomato in this region. In Uganda, there is lack of information on prevailing tomato viruses. However, the occurrence of some tomato viruses in neighbouring countries, together with poor quarantine measures, and the ability of vectors to move across borders, implies a high probability of Uganda having similar tomato viruses. The actual information gap on tomato viruses occurring in Uganda is basically due to attribution of tomato crop losses caused by viral diseases to other production constraints (Akemo and Ssekyewa, 1996 unpublished work on general tomato agronomy in report submitted to IPM-CRSP Project). As such, and apart from the general survey on horticultural crop viruses conducted by Hansen (1990), during which mosaic, curl and mottle symptoms were observed in tomato farmers’ fields, there was no other more specific report on tomato ¹ http://image.fs.uidaho.edu/vide/descr002.htm 47
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<strong>Incidence</strong>, distribution <strong>and</strong> characteristics <strong>of</strong> major tomato leaf curl <strong>and</strong> mosaic virus diseases<br />
CHAPTER 3<br />
A SURVEY OF TOMATO VIRUSES IN MAJOR TOMATO GROWING<br />
DISTRICTS OF UGANDA: VIRUS INCIDENCE, DISTRIBUTION<br />
AND IDENTIFICATION<br />
In this chapter, the objective is to identify <strong>and</strong> establish incidence <strong>of</strong> tomato viruses<br />
occurring in major tomato growing agro-climatic zones <strong>of</strong> Ug<strong>and</strong>a<br />
46
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