Incidence, Distribution and Characteristics of Major Tomato Leaf ...

4.2.1
iv 4
Multiple-alignment of a 550 bp Segment of ToLCV-UG
Sequence, and 360 bp IR Segment of TYLCV with Other
Members of Genus Begomovirus.................................................................. 103
4.3 Results............................................................................................................ 103
4.3.1 Genome Organization ..................................................................... 103
4.3.2 Relationship Between Sequences of ToLCV-UG and
TYLCV (IR) with Other Sequences of Begomoviruses .................... 104
4.4 Discussion .................................................................................................... 111
5 CHAPTER 5.................................................................................... 114
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOMATO YELLOW LEAF CURL VIRUSES AND
THE WHITEFLY VECTOR ............................................................................... 114
5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 114
5.2 Materials and Methods ....................................................................... 115
5.2.1 Site Selection ....................................................................................... 115
5.2.2 Experimental Design and Layout.............................................. 116
5.2.3 Whitefly Population Monitoring ............................................... 117
5.2.4 Yield Records...................................................................................... 119
5.2.5 Data Analysis ...................................................................................... 119
5.3 Results............................................................................................................ 123
5.3.1 General Field Weather, Whitefly Population and Tomato
Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease Trends.................................................... 123
5.3.2 Treatment-specific Whitefly Infestation and TYLCV
Incidence.................................................................................................................... 131
5.4 Discussion .................................................................................................... 143
6 CHAPTER 6.................................................................................... 150
GENERAL DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..... 150
6.1 General Discussion................................................................................. 150
6.2 Conclusions and Recommendations............................................ 152
6.2.1 Future Research Proposals............................................................ 154
7 REFERENCES.............................................................................. 156
8 ANNEXES ........................................................................................ 174
9 CURRICULUM VITAE............................................................. 202