Incidence, Distribution and Characteristics of Major Tomato Leaf ...

Incidence, distribution and characteristics of major tomato leaf curl and mosaic virus diseases
Tomato Infectious Chlorosis Virus (TICV)
Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) is a recently identified tomato virus from
California (Duffus et al., 1994). It causes interveinal yellowing, necrosis and severe
yield losses. These symptoms are easily confused with those of TYLCV. TICV is
transmitted from tomato to tomato, as well as from wild plants in the tomato ecosystem
by the whitefly species Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and has flexuous filamentous
particles of variable length, and a bipartite RNA (Wisler et al., 1998).
Tomato Infectious Chlorosis Virus Host Range
The host range of TICV includes Geranium dissectum (L.), Lycopersicon esculentum
(Mill.), Petunia spp., and Ranunculus asiaticus (L). Other hosts are (Duffus, 1994):
Family Chenopodiaceae: Chenopodium murale (L.), C. capitatum (L.).
Family Asteraceae: Lactuca sativa (L.), Senecio vulgaris (L.), Sonchus oleraceus (L.),
Zinnia elegans (J.).
Family Solanaceae: Nicotiana benthamiana (D.), N. clevelandii (G.), N. glauca (G.),
Petunia hybrida (V.), Physalis alkekengi (L.), P. floridana (R.), P. ixocarpa (B.), P.
wrightii (G.), Solanum tuberosum (L.)
The presence of TICV in weeds was reported to influence development of appropriate
management packages (Wisler et al., 1998).
Tomato Infectious Chlorosis Virus Management
Tentative control measures for TICV recently identified in the USA and Italy, are (1)
creating farmer awareness of disease symptoms; (2) uprooting of infected plants; (3)
rotation with non-susceptible crops; and (4) chemical control of whiteflies (Wisler et al.,
1997). In the process, Wisler et al. (1997) further indicated that re-enforcement of
quarantine regulations was necessary to avoid introduction of new viruses and spreading
them from country to country.
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