Incidence, Distribution and Characteristics of Major Tomato Leaf ...

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Incidence, distribution and characteristics of major tomato leaf curl and mosaic virus diseases 186 3.3-Weeds observed in tomato-growing ecosystems for each district surveyed Fields were infested with a multitude of weeds as shown in table A.3.5 below. Table A.3.5: Weeds observed in and around tomato fields surveyed Weeds IG KA MB MP MR MU RA Solanum nigrum - - - - - + - Commelina benghalensis + + - + + + + Tagetes minuta - - - - + - - Bidens pilosa + + + + + + + Amaranthus dubius - - + - + - - Galinsoga parviflora + + + + + + + Desmodium spp. - - - - - + - Imperata cylindrica + - - - + - - Oxalis latifolia + + + + - - - Zinnia spp. + - - - - - - Euphorbia heterophyllum + - - - - - - Datura stramonium - + - - - - - Physalis floridana + - - - - - + Pennisetum spp. - + - - - + - Digitaria scalarum - + - + - - + Nicotiana tabacum - - - - - - + Panicum spp. + - - - - - + Cylinga spp. - - - - - - + (+) = weeds present in a district and (-) = weeds not observed during this preliminary survey
Incidence, distribution and characteristics of major tomato leaf curl and mosaic virus diseases 187 3.6-Relationship between farmer practices observed during our preliminary survey There was a positive relationship between virus incidence and farmer extraction of seeds, rotation, pruning, irrigation, intercropping, staking, and aphid infestation, as shown in table A. 3.6 below. There was a closer relationship between virus incidence and symptom expression than between agronomic practices. Virus incidence was negatively related to use of indigenous varieties, uprooting, mulching, use of pesticides and whitefly pest occurrence. There was a positive relationship between pesticides use and incidence of whiteflies (R = 0.074), aphids (R = 0.074) and leafhoppers (R = 0.104), which indicated that pesticide application enhances pest population or presence of pests induces farmer application of pesticides, but there was a negative relationship (R = -0.037) with thrips infestation and incidence of viral symptoms (R = -0.159). See table A.3.6 below, whereby: (1) viral symptom incidence; (2) indigenous varieties; (3) self seed extraction; (4) rotation; (5) pruning; (6) uprooting; (7) mulching; (8) irrigation; (9) Inter-cropping; (10) staking; (11) pesticide use; (12) whitefly infestation; (13) aphid infestation; (14) Thrips infestation; (15) leafhopper infestation; and (16) represent viral symptom expression.
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Incidence, Distribution and Charact
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Charles SSEKYEWA Incidence, Distrib
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CONTENTS 1 CHAPTER 1...............
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The following perso
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vii 7 mosaic virus (CMV), Alfalfa m
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ix 9 Consequently, our findings con
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SAMENVATTING Tomaat is een economis
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xiii 13 Beide genhomologie percenta
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xv 15 dit onderzoek geven ook aan d
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LIST OF TABLES xvii 17 Table Page 1
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS xix 19 A
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Abbreviation Word in full PCR Polym
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Incidence, distribution and charact
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Table 2.1: The orthography of some
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A B Incidence, distribution and cha
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A Incidence, distribution and chara
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Isolate IG1 Incidence, distribution
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1600 500 700 200 Incidence, distrib
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1200 1200 (A) IG1 (ToLCV-UG) PAL1v
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87 87 Incidence, distribution and c
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A A C D Incidence, distribution and
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Opaque and not smeared Translucent
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Rainfall (cm) Temp. Cº Mean Whitef
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