Incidence, Distribution and Characteristics of Major Tomato Leaf ...
Incidence, Distribution and Characteristics of Major Tomato Leaf ... Incidence, Distribution and Characteristics of Major Tomato Leaf ...
Incidence, distribution and characteristics of major tomato leaf curl and mosaic virus diseases 130 Table 5.2: Ranked mean weekly number of whiteflies trapped per plant per plot with Kubwa trap and related ranked mean weekly number of TYLCV symptom-bearing plants in trial I (F18, 20; df = 13, p = 0.05) (March to July 1999). Inverse relationship. Weeks from Ranked¹ mean whitefly Ranked¹ mean number of TYLCV- transplanting count per plot infected plants 1 88a 3c 2 25b 4b 3 14cd 4b 4 8de 4b 5 18bc 5a 6 8e 5a 7 4e 5a SE 0.03 0.57 CV 0.02 0.91 ¹ Ranking is indicated by letters a-e, whereby for example (a) or (b) refers to means, which are significantly different, whereas (ab, cd, de, and bc) refer to means that statistically have no significant deference between them. Values with same letter are statistically the same. Table 5.3: Ranked mean weekly number of whiteflies trapped per plant per plot with Kubwa trap in relation to ranked mean weekly number of TYLCV symptom-bearing plants (F18,20; df = 13; p = 0.001) during trial II (August to November, 1999). Inverse relationship. Weeks from transplanting Ranked¹mean whitefly count Ranked¹ mean TYLCV- per plot infection 1 1.7de 0.0c 2 5.0a 0.0c 3 4.0ab 0.0c 4 2.9bc 0.0c 5 2.8cd 0.0c 6 1.7de 0.0c 7 1.2ef 0.25b 8 0.6ef 0.39ab 9 0.4f 0.4a SE 0.30 0.57 CV 0.02 0.91 ¹ Ranking is indicated by letters a-f, whereby (a) or (b) refers to means, which are significantly different, whereas (ab, cd, de, bc, and ef) refer to means that statistically have no significant defference between them. Values with same letter ranking are statistically the same.
Incidence, distribution and characteristics of major tomato leaf curl and mosaic virus diseases 131 Table 5.4: Ranked mean weekly number of whiteflies trapped per plant per plot with Kubwa trap (f 1.25, p 0.0001) in relation to ranked mean weekly number of TYLCV symptom bearing plants (F 18,20; df = 13; p = 0.001) in trial III, (November 1999 to February 2000) Weeks from Ranked¹ mean whitefly Ranked¹ mean number TYLCV infected transplanting count per plot plants 1 3.7bc 0c 2 7.4a 0c 3 1.5bc 0c 4 5.3ab 0c 5 4.3ab 0c 6 3.3bc 0.1a 7 0.4c 0.3b 8 1.8bc 0.3b 9 1.6bc 0.3b SE 0.03 0.57 CV 0.02 0.91 ¹ Ranking is indicated by letters a-c, whereby (a), (b) or (c) refers to means, which are significantly different, whereas (ab and bc) refer to means that statistically have no significant difference between them. Values with same letter ranking are statistically not different. 5.3.2 Treatment-specific Whitefly Infestation and TYLCV Incidence With regard to the different treatment effects on whitefly infestation of tomato plants monitored using the Kubwa trap, there was no significant treatment effect on whitefly population in trial I, though plots with tomato-bean intercrop without insecticide application and those with tomato-bean intercrop combined with dimethoate had fewer whiteflies than tomato monocrop, tomato monocrop combined with uprooting, tomato monocrop combined with dimethoate, and tomato monocrop combined with uprooting and dimethoate. It was not clear whether Phaseolus beans in intercrop treatments could have acted as a whitefly trap crop in Trial I, II and III (Table 5.5), in which case beans would be preferred to tomato. Furthermore, during the first week after treatment application, whitefly populations in all treatments fell to a lower level than the one recorded at the start, except in plots where tomato was intercropped with beans and bean rows were sprayed with dimethoate, in which case whitefly populations rose but later dropped like in other plots. All treatments maintained whitefly populations below three whiteflies per
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<strong>Incidence</strong>, distribution <strong>and</strong> characteristics <strong>of</strong> major tomato leaf curl <strong>and</strong> mosaic virus diseases 130<br />
Table 5.2: Ranked mean weekly number <strong>of</strong> whiteflies trapped per plant per plot with Kubwa<br />
trap <strong>and</strong> related ranked mean weekly number <strong>of</strong> TYLCV symptom-bearing plants in trial I<br />
(F18, 20; df = 13, p = 0.05) (March to July 1999). Inverse relationship.<br />
Weeks from<br />
Ranked¹ mean whitefly Ranked¹ mean number <strong>of</strong> TYLCV-<br />
transplanting<br />
count per plot<br />
infected plants<br />
1 88a 3c<br />
2 25b 4b<br />
3 14cd 4b<br />
4 8de 4b<br />
5 18bc 5a<br />
6 8e 5a<br />
7 4e 5a<br />
SE 0.03 0.57<br />
CV 0.02 0.91<br />
¹ Ranking is indicated by letters a-e, whereby for example (a) or (b) refers to means, which are<br />
significantly different, whereas (ab, cd, de, <strong>and</strong> bc) refer to means that statistically have no<br />
significant deference between them. Values with same letter are statistically the same.<br />
Table 5.3: Ranked mean weekly number <strong>of</strong> whiteflies trapped per plant per plot with Kubwa<br />
trap in relation to ranked mean weekly number <strong>of</strong> TYLCV symptom-bearing plants (F18,20;<br />
df = 13; p = 0.001) during trial II (August to November, 1999). Inverse relationship.<br />
Weeks from<br />
transplanting<br />
Ranked¹mean whitefly count Ranked¹ mean TYLCV-<br />
per plot<br />
infection<br />
1 1.7de 0.0c<br />
2 5.0a 0.0c<br />
3 4.0ab 0.0c<br />
4 2.9bc 0.0c<br />
5 2.8cd 0.0c<br />
6 1.7de 0.0c<br />
7 1.2ef 0.25b<br />
8 0.6ef 0.39ab<br />
9 0.4f 0.4a<br />
SE 0.30 0.57<br />
CV 0.02 0.91<br />
¹ Ranking is indicated by letters a-f, whereby (a) or (b) refers to means, which are significantly<br />
different, whereas (ab, cd, de, bc, <strong>and</strong> ef) refer to means that statistically have no significant<br />
defference between them. Values with same letter ranking are statistically the same.
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