Incidence, Distribution and Characteristics of Major Tomato Leaf ...

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Opaque and not smeared Translucent and smeared Incidence, distribution and characteristics of major tomato leaf curl and mosaic virus diseases 122 25cm 6" 100cm Fugure 5.2 C: Design of the Kubwa trap, with translucent top part and opaque lower part. This way trapped, when inverted onto a single plant, which is then agitated, whiteflies move towards light in the upper part and they are trapped against the wall smeared with Vaseline. 1.9" 30cm 1.9" 45cm
Incidence, distribution and characteristics of major tomato leaf curl and mosaic virus diseases 123 5.3 Results 5.3.1 General Field Weather, Whitefly Population and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease Trends In January 1999 there were 8 dry days, whereas in February 1999 there were 22 dry days. In the period January to end of February a mean average rainfall of 9.50 mm per day and a rainfall range of 0 - 16 mm per day were recorded. During trial I, March to July 1999, the amount and frequency of rainfall increased with a mean average of 10.14 mm per day and range of 0 - 69 mm per day. There were 37 dry days on a total of 122 days in this period (March to July), with 7 dry days in March, another 7 dry days in April, plus 11 more days in May and finally 12 days in June. During trial II (August to November 1999), there were 59 dry days on a total of 122 days, with a mean average rainfall of 5.70 mm per day and range of 0 - 50 mm per day. In trial III (November to February 2000), there were 51 dry days, of which 22 dry days were in February when the tomato crop had already been harvested. Apart from the period January to February 2000, when maximum temperatures reached a highest peak of 30 ºC, for the rest of the first season experiment period average ambient temperatures varied between 20 – 24 ºC. The second season was similar to the first, whereas in the third experimental season average ambient temperatures were 20 – 26 ºC (Figure 5.5b). 5.3.1.1 Whitefly Population Variation and TYLCV Incidence at Different Tomato Growth Stages In experimental fields, an inverse relationship was observed between number of whiteflies trapped with sticky traps and number of TYLCV-symptom expressing tomato plants. At the same time, whitefly populations in the field, expressed as number of whiteflies trapped per m² of the sticky traps, went down as tomato crops grew, i.e. through vegetative, flowering, and fruiting/harvesting stages (Table 5.1). It was observed that these trends coincided with rainfall patterns. Thus, during the dry season, the whitefly population grew to a maximum average of 119 whiteflies trapped per m². In the wet season, ten weeks after transplanting, it went down to an average of
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Incidence, Distribution and Charact
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Charles SSEKYEWA Incidence, Distrib
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CONTENTS 1 CHAPTER 1...............
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The following perso
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vii 7 mosaic virus (CMV), Alfalfa m
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ix 9 Consequently, our findings con
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SAMENVATTING Tomaat is een economis
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xiii 13 Beide genhomologie percenta
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xv 15 dit onderzoek geven ook aan d
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LIST OF TABLES xvii 17 Table Page 1
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS xix 19 A
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Abbreviation Word in full PCR Polym
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Incidence, distribution and charact
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Table 2.1: The orthography of some
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8 ANNEXES Incidence, distribution a
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Table A.1.1 continued Incidence, di
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Annex 5: Incidence, distribution an
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Books Incidence, distribution and c
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