Electrophysiological Evidence for Sentence Comprehension - Wings

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Figure 18. The P600 in the ‘case’ experiment measured on the Pz electrode The P600 component was tested statistically in the in 560 – 660 ms interval. The results obtained at the centro-parietal electrodes are given in the Table 6. The results <strong>for</strong> all electrode sites are given in the Appendix. Table 6. Statistical significance of the P600 effect in the ‘case’ experiment Electrode F(1,196) p Cp3 2351,678 ,000* Cpz 991,114 ,000* Cp4 60,164 ,000* Tp8 192,859 ,000* T5 229,039 ,000* P3 604,203 ,000* Pz 983,335 ,000* P4 1577,015 ,000* T6 ,541 ,463 *Statistical significance at the p
calculated by subtracting the non-condition from the condition image thus keeping the polarity of the result unchanged. Subject: EEG file: substraction.avg Recorded : 12:50:35 08-Apr-2006 Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 50 Hz, Notch - 50 Hz Neuroscan SCAN 4.3 Printed : 11:03:30 14-Aug-2006 +4.5 00:00:00.-100+24 ms 24/48 ms 48/72 ms 72/96 ms 96/120 ms 120/144 ms 144/168 ms 168/192 ms 192/216 ms 216/240 ms 240/264 ms 264/288 ms 288/312 ms 312/336 ms 336/360 ms 360/384 ms 384/408 ms 408/432 ms +1.5 -0.8 432/456 ms 456/480 ms 480/504 ms 504/528 ms 528/552 ms 552/576 ms 576/600 ms 600/624 ms 624/648 ms 648/672 ms 672/696 ms 696/720 ms 720/744 ms 744/768 ms 768/792 ms 792/816 ms 816/840 ms 840/864 ms -3.8 -6.0 864/888 ms 888/912 ms 912/936 ms 936/960 ms 960/984 ms 984/1008 ms 1008/1032 ms 1032/1056 ms 1056/1080 ms Figure 19. The difference between the conditions in the ‘case’ experiment The scalp distribution images show the negative wave starting around 400 ms at the left anterior electrode sites and lasting to around 500 ms at the anterior electrode sites. It is followed by a positive wave over central and parietal regions starting at around 550 ms and lasting till the end of the epoch (1000 ms). This distribution with parietal maximum is typical <strong>for</strong> P600 or ‘syntax positive shift’ (SPS) (Hagoort et al., 2000). However, as they report: P600/SPS has a fairly equal scalp distribution, whereas the second phase (750-100 ms) shows a clear parietal maximum (p. 293). +6.0 +5.3 +3.8 +3.0 +2.3 +0.8 0 -1.5 -2.3 -3.0 -4.5 -5.3 92
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University of Zagreb Interdisciplin
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TABLE OF CONTENT 1. Introduction 5
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Electrophysiological results 131 5.
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How people comprehend language is o
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1.1. Sentence comprehension There i
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syntactic structure obtained by the
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this process many other factors pla
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exploring sentence comprehension re
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The major advantage of eye-tracking
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ERP waveform. Components are conven
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earlier syntactic component, early
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enzyme activity, receptors or trans
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the formulation of the models that
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and disposes the wrong one as soon
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not provide such an output. In the
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itself) is called 'pragmatic normal
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grammatical knowledge, resembling p
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components. However, the models tha
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The ‘syntax-first’ model is obv
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in which any information is process
Page 41 and 42: into brain functions that are not n
Page 43 and 44: Figure 4. The layered structure of
Page 45 and 46: Activity verbs, in contrast, refer
Page 47 and 48: step in Levelt’s model perfectly
Page 49 and 50: language functioning and (2) scores
Page 51 and 52: are included, as well (e.g. the Bus
Page 53 and 54: Binding, to be more precise) to exp
Page 55 and 56: the changes in language related com
Page 57 and 58: esearch project, as well. The proje
Page 59 and 60: 2. AIMS AND PROBLEMS 58
Page 61 and 62: 2.2. Sentence Comprehension in Typi
Page 63 and 64: The hypotheses can be grouped accor
Page 65 and 66: 4. METHODS 64
Page 67 and 68: On the basis of the test results 6
Page 69 and 70: data collected within a group of ad
Page 71 and 72: Figure 10. The presentation of the
Page 73 and 74: The violation condition consists of
Page 75 and 76: In Croatian adjectives usually prec
Page 77 and 78: object). This constitutes the viola
Page 79 and 80: ‘tense’ experiments as well as
Page 81 and 82: Phonological abilities were tested
Page 83 and 84: . In addition, Homonyms, synonyms a
Page 85 and 86: software was used. The caps employe
Page 87 and 88: 5.1. Adults 5.1.1. Behavioral resul
Page 89 and 90: the processes underlying comprehens
Page 91: Table 5. Statistical significance o
Page 95 and 96: assigned when the verb is presented
Page 97 and 98: Figure 22. Average waveform for Pz
Page 99 and 100: Table 8 gives the statistical signi
Page 101 and 102: Figure 26. The LAN effect in the
Page 103 and 104: Figure 28. P600 effect on the CPz e
Page 105 and 106: Figure 30. The waveforms at the FCz
Page 107 and 108: semantics distinction more relative
Page 109 and 110: could, in fact, be the focus of the
Page 111 and 112: Subject: Neuroscan EEG file: adults
Page 113 and 114: Figure 38. The P600 in the ‘tense
Page 115 and 116: Figure 41. Distribution maps in the
Page 117 and 118: The results of the two experiments
Page 119 and 120: Statistical analysis reveals P600 e
Page 121 and 122: Subject: Neuroscan EEG file: chiten
Page 123 and 124: Subject: EEG file: chitensechin2_1s
Page 125 and 126: Subject: Neuroscan EEG file: casech
Page 127 and 128: Figure 55. Difference in latency be
Page 129 and 130: only relatively good instrument for
Page 131 and 132: similar words or pseudo-words. Quic
Page 133 and 134: Subject: Neuroscan EEG file: slicas
Page 135 and 136: Subject: EEG file: slicasechi2_1s.a
Page 137 and 138: Subject: Neuroscan EEG file: sli_te
Page 139 and 140: Table 25. ANOVA results for the fro
Page 141 and 142: Subject: Neuroscan EEG file: casech
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Subject: Neuroscan EEG file: chiten
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5.3. General Discussion 5.3.1. Sent
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Croatian. In this respect ERP metho
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Figure 72. Difference between the e
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5.3.3.. The results in the light of
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operator projection of the clause (
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Leonard’s words, of ‘low phonet
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the ‘case-chi’ experiment and t
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Six ERP experiments were performed
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corpus of data. Future work should
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- Aaronson, D., Scarborough, H.S. (
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- Bishop, D. V. M., Frazier-Norbury
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- Conti-Ramsden, G., Jones, M. (199
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- Frazier, L., & Rayner, K. (1982).
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- Hagoort, P., Brown, C., Groothuse
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- Jurafsky, D. (2002). Probabilisti
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- Kovačević, M., Jelaska, Z., Kuv
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- Molfese, D., Molfese, V, Key, A.
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typically developing peers. Journal
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- Rumelhart, D.E., McClelland, J.L.
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- Tallal, P. (1976). Rapid auditory
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- Weber, F. M., Friederici, A. D. (
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. The proce
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Figure 54. Difference between adult
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SUMMARY The method of event-related
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EXTENDED SUMMARY IN CROATIAN SAŽET
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teorija jezične obrade (razumijeva
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(kad se događa radnja), taj se val
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eferenci. Modularnost se, s druge s
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