Electrophysiological Evidence for Sentence Comprehension - Wings

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4. Methods 64 4.1. Participants 65 4.2. Experimental Design 67 4.2.1. ERP experiments 67 4.2.2. The first group of experiments 68 Experiment 1 ('case') 68 Experiment 2 ('tense') 71 Experiment 3 (‘gender’) 73 Experiment 4 ('quantifier') 75 4.2.3. The second group of experiments 75 Experiment 5 (‘case-chi’) 75 Experiment 6 (‘tense-chi’) 76 4.2.4. Behavioral tests 77 Reaction time 77 Verbal and non-verbal abilities test 78 4.3. Procedure 82 5. Results and Discussion 85 5.1. Adults 86 5.1.1. Behavioral results 86 5.1.2. Electrophysiological results 88 'Case' experiment 88 'Tense' experiment 94 'Gender' experiment 99 'Quantifier' experiment 103 5.2. Children With TLD and Children With SLI 108 5.2.1 Adult control group 108 5.2.2. Children with TLD 116 5.2.3. Comparison between adult control group and the group of TLD children 123 5.2.4. Children with SLI 127 Behavioral results 127 3
Electrophysiological results 131 5.2.5. Comparison between TLD and SLI children 139 5.3. General Discussion 144 5.3.1. Sentence comprehension in adults 144 5.3.2. Developmental data 145 Children with TLD 145 Children with SLI 146 5.3.3.The results in the light of the language processing models 150 5.3.4. Confirmation of the hypotheses 155 Evidence for sentence comprehension 155 Sentence comprehension in TLD children and children with SLI 155 6. Conclusion 157 7. References 161 List of figures 186 Key words 189 Biography 189 Summary 190 Extended Summary (Croatian) 192 4
Page 1 and 2: University of Zagreb Interdisciplin
Page 3: TABLE OF CONTENT 1. Introduction 5
Page 7 and 8: How people comprehend language is o
Page 9 and 10: 1.1. Sentence comprehension There i
Page 11 and 12: syntactic structure obtained by the
Page 13 and 14: this process many other factors pla
Page 15 and 16: exploring sentence comprehension re
Page 17 and 18: The major advantage of eye-tracking
Page 19 and 20: ERP waveform. Components are conven
Page 21 and 22: earlier syntactic component, early
Page 23 and 24: enzyme activity, receptors or trans
Page 25 and 26: the formulation of the models that
Page 27 and 28: and disposes the wrong one as soon
Page 29 and 30: not provide such an output. In the
Page 31 and 32: itself) is called 'pragmatic normal
Page 33 and 34: grammatical knowledge, resembling p
Page 35 and 36: components. However, the models tha
Page 37 and 38: The ‘syntax-first’ model is obv
Page 39 and 40: in which any information is process
Page 41 and 42: into brain functions that are not n
Page 43 and 44: Figure 4. The layered structure of
Page 45 and 46: Activity verbs, in contrast, refer
Page 47 and 48: step in Levelt’s model perfectly
Page 49 and 50: language functioning and (2) scores
Page 51 and 52: are included, as well (e.g. the Bus
Page 53 and 54: Binding, to be more precise) to exp
Page 55 and 56:
the changes in language related com
Page 57 and 58:
esearch project, as well. The proje
Page 59 and 60:
2. AIMS AND PROBLEMS 58
Page 61 and 62:
2.2. Sentence Comprehension in Typi
Page 63 and 64:
The hypotheses can be grouped accor
Page 65 and 66:
4. METHODS 64
Page 67 and 68:
On the basis of the test results 6
Page 69 and 70:
data collected within a group of ad
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 10. The presentation of the
Page 73 and 74:
The violation condition consists of
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In Croatian adjectives usually prec
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object). This constitutes the viola
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‘tense’ experiments as well as
Page 81 and 82:
Phonological abilities were tested
Page 83 and 84:
. In addition, Homonyms, synonyms a
Page 85 and 86:
software was used. The caps employe
Page 87 and 88:
5.1. Adults 5.1.1. Behavioral resul
Page 89 and 90:
the processes underlying comprehens
Page 91 and 92:
Table 5. Statistical significance o
Page 93 and 94:
calculated by subtracting the non-c
Page 95 and 96:
assigned when the verb is presented
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 22. Average waveform for Pz
Page 99 and 100:
Table 8 gives the statistical signi
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 26. The LAN effect in the
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 28. P600 effect on the CPz e
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 30. The waveforms at the FCz
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semantics distinction more relative
Page 109 and 110:
could, in fact, be the focus of the
Page 111 and 112:
Subject: Neuroscan EEG file: adults
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 38. The P600 in the ‘tense
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 41. Distribution maps in the
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The results of the two experiments
Page 119 and 120:
Statistical analysis reveals P600 e
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Subject: Neuroscan EEG file: chiten
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Subject: EEG file: chitensechin2_1s
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Subject: Neuroscan EEG file: casech
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Figure 55. Difference in latency be
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only relatively good instrument for
Page 131 and 132:
similar words or pseudo-words. Quic
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Subject: Neuroscan EEG file: slicas
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Subject: EEG file: slicasechi2_1s.a
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Subject: Neuroscan EEG file: sli_te
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Table 25. ANOVA results for the fro
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Subject: Neuroscan EEG file: casech
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Subject: Neuroscan EEG file: chiten
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5.3. General Discussion 5.3.1. Sent
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Croatian. In this respect ERP metho
Page 149 and 150:
Figure 72. Difference between the e
Page 151 and 152:
5.3.3.. The results in the light of
Page 153 and 154:
operator projection of the clause (
Page 155 and 156:
Leonard’s words, of ‘low phonet
Page 157 and 158:
the ‘case-chi’ experiment and t
Page 159 and 160:
Six ERP experiments were performed
Page 161 and 162:
corpus of data. Future work should
Page 163 and 164:
- Aaronson, D., Scarborough, H.S. (
Page 165 and 166:
- Bishop, D. V. M., Frazier-Norbury
Page 167 and 168:
- Conti-Ramsden, G., Jones, M. (199
Page 169 and 170:
- Frazier, L., & Rayner, K. (1982).
Page 171 and 172:
- Hagoort, P., Brown, C., Groothuse
Page 173 and 174:
- Jurafsky, D. (2002). Probabilisti
Page 175 and 176:
- Kovačević, M., Jelaska, Z., Kuv
Page 177 and 178:
- Molfese, D., Molfese, V, Key, A.
Page 179 and 180:
typically developing peers. Journal
Page 181 and 182:
- Rumelhart, D.E., McClelland, J.L.
Page 183 and 184:
- Tallal, P. (1976). Rapid auditory
Page 185 and 186:
- Weber, F. M., Friederici, A. D. (
Page 187 and 188:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. The proce
Page 189 and 190:
Figure 54. Difference between adult
Page 191 and 192:
SUMMARY The method of event-related
Page 193 and 194:
EXTENDED SUMMARY IN CROATIAN SAŽET
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teorija jezične obrade (razumijeva
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(kad se događa radnja), taj se val
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eferenci. Modularnost se, s druge s
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