Tellurite And Fluorotellurite Glasses For Active And Passive

Contents; MDO i
Contents
Contents i
Glossary v
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Fibreoptic technology 1
1.2. The role of novel glass compositions 3
1.3. Aims and objectives of this study 4
1.4. Thesis structure 6
1.5. References 7
2. Literature review 9
2.1. The nature of glass 9
2.1.1. The behaviour of glass-forming materials on melt-cooling 9
2.2. The structure of glass 12
2.2.1. Atomic structure 12
2.2.2. Structural theories of glass formation 13
2.2.2.1. Early structural theories 13
2.2.2.2. Goldschmidt’s radius ratio criterion 14
2.2.2.3. Zachariasen’s random network theory 15
2.2.2.4. Dietzel and field strength 17
2.2.3. Kinetic theory of glass formation 18
2.3. Tellurite glasses 20
2.3.1. Early studies 20
2.3.2. Structure 23
2.3.2.1. TeO2 24
2.3.2.2. TeO2-ZnO 26
2.3.2.3. TeO2-Na2O 29
2.3.2.4. TeO2-ZnF2 32
2.4. Impact of fibreoptics 33
2.4 1. Infrared fibreoptics and potential applications 36
2.4.2. Optical loss mechanisms 38
2.4.3. Non-linear properties 42
2.5. Tellurite and fluorotellurite glasses for infrared (IR) waveguide
applications 45
2.5.1. TeO2-ZnO-Na2O (TZN) glasses 45
2.5.1.1. Optical, mechanical and thermal properties 45
2.5.1.2. Er +3 -doping of TZN glasses 53
2.5.2. Fluorotellurite glasses 55
2.5.2.1. TeO2-ZnF2 glasses reported in the literature 56
2.5.2.2. Thermal properties 57
2.5.2.3. Optical properties 58
2.5.2.4. Mechanical properties 60
2.6. References 60
3. Glass batching & melting 66
3.1. Glass compositions used in this study 66
3.2. Glass batching 66